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Effect of phosphorus and copper additions on the structure of Pt and Pt–Cu nanoparticles in a radiation-induced reduction method

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Abstract

The effects of phosphorus (PH2O2 −) and copper (Cu2+) additions to the aqueous precursor solution on the structure of Pt–Cu nanoparticles were investigated for a radiation-induced reduction method. Addition of PH2O2 − in the precursor solution reduced the diffraction intensity of Pt or Pt–Cu crystallites due to smaller size and/or lower crystallinity. Both the diffraction intensity and the particle size (measured by an electron microscope) were minimized when Cu/Pt ratio was 0.05–0.25, which was attributed to the effects of copper and phosphorus to stabilize crystallites and particles through the negative heat of mixing. The concomitant increase in phosphorus content suggested that PH2O2 − is partly reduced and taken into the Pt lattice. Further increase of copper content caused larger particles and decrease in phosphorus content. These trends were also consistent with electrochemical surface area and oxidation/reduction behavior of Pt surface. The radiation-induced reduction method is suited to produce small Pt–Cu particles uniformly distributed on carbon support, which are potentially served for heat treatment for improved oxygen reduction performance.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. K. Ueno (EBIS, Japan) for the provision of beam time for the electron accelerator. The authors would also like to thank Prof. Minoru Inaba and Ms. Miwako Toda at Doshisha University for the morphological analysis using field emission TEM. This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (Grant-in-Aid No. 22241023) and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (R&D Project for Regional Innovation No. 22U5009).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Junichiro Kugai, Satoshi Seino, Takashi Nakagawa & Takao A. Yamamoto

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  1. Junichiro Kugai
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  2. Satoshi Seino
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  3. Takashi Nakagawa
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  4. Takao A. Yamamoto
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Correspondence to Junichiro Kugai.

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Kugai, J., Seino, S., Nakagawa, T. et al. Effect of phosphorus and copper additions on the structure of Pt and Pt–Cu nanoparticles in a radiation-induced reduction method. J Nanopart Res 16, 2275 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2275-8

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