Abstract
Bovine femur bone hydroxyapatite (HA) containing silver (Ag) nanoparticles was synthesized by thermal decomposition method and subsequent reduction of silver nitrate with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of poly(vinylacetate) (PVAc). The structural, morphological, and chemical properties of the HA–Ag nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM images showed that the Ag nanoparticles with size ranging from 8 to 20 nm and were arranged at the periphery of HA crystals. Bactericidal activity of HA–Ag with different concentration of Ag nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of HA was investigated against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, non-MRSA), Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) by the disc diffusion susceptibility test. The HA–Ag nanoparticles showed that broad spectrum activity against non-MRSA, MRSA, and E. coli bacterial strains.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad Z, Pandey R, Sharma S, Khuller GK (2005) Alginate nanoparticles as antituberculosis drug carriers: formulation development, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic potential. Ind J Chest Dis Allied Sci 48:171–176
Ando Y, Miyamoto H, Noda I, Sakurai N, Akiyama T, Yonekura Y, Shimazaki T, Miyazaki M, Mawatari M, Hotokebuchi T (2009) Calcium phosphate coating containing silver shows high antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity and inhibits bacterial adhesion. Mater Sci Eng C 30:175–180
Barakat NAM, Khalil KA, Sheikh FA, Omran AM, Gaihre B, Khil MS, Kim HY (2008a) Physiochemical characterizations of hydroxyapatite extracted from bovine bones by three different methods: extraction of biologically desirable HAp. Mater Sci Eng C 28:1381–1387
Barakat NM, Woo KD, Kanjwal MA, Choi KE, Khil MS, Kim HY (2008b) Surface plasmon resonances, optical properties, and electrical conductivity thermal hystersis of silver nanofibers produced by the electrospinning technique. Langmuir 24:11982–11987
Barakat NAM, Khil MS, Omran AM, Sheik FA, Kim HY (2009) Extraction of pure natural hydroxyapatite from the bovine bones bio waste by three different methods. J Mater Proc Technol 209:3408–3415
Campoccia D, Montanaro L, Arciola CR (2006) The significance of infection related to orthopedic devices and issues of antibiotic resistance. Biomaterials 27:2331–2339
Chen Y, Zheng X, Xie Y, Ding C, Ruan H, Fan C (2008) Anti-bacterial and cytotoxic properties of plasma sprayed silver-containing HA coatings. J Mater Sci Mater Med 19:3603–3609
Diaz M, Barba F, Miranda M, Guitian F, Torrecillas R, Moya JS (2009) Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a silver-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite. J Nanomater doi:10.1155/2009/498505
Dibrov P, Dzioba J, Gosink KK, Hase CC (2002) Chemiosmotic mechanism of antimicrobial activity of Ag+ in vibrio cholera. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:2668–2670
Dragieva I, Stoeva S, Stoimenov P, Pavlikianov E, Klabunde K (1999) Complex formation in solutions for chemical synthesis of nanoscaled particles prepared by borohydride reduction process. Nanostruct Mater 12:267–270
Feng QL, Wu J, Chen GQ, Cui FZ, Kim TN, Kim JO (2000) A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. J Biomed Mater Res 52:662–668
Gong P, Li H, He X, Wang K, Hu J, Tan W, Zhang S, Yang X (2007) Preparation and antibacterial activity of Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 18:285604–285611
Gu H, Ho PL, Tong E, Wang L, Xu B (2003) Presenting vancomycin on nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial activities. Nano Lett 3:1261–1263
Ibarra HO, Casillas N, Soto V, Soto MB, Vitela RT, Cruz W, Saazar SG (2007) Surface characterization of electrodeposited silver on activated carbon for bactericidal purposes. J Colloid Interface Sci 314:562–571
Ishikawa K, Ducheyne P, Radin S (1993) Determination of the Ca/P ratio in calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite using X-ray diffraction analysis. J Mater Sci Mater Med 4:165–168
Jones SA, Bowler PG, Walker M, Parsons D (2004) Controlling wound bioburden with a novel silver-containing Hydrofiber® dressing. Wound Repair Regen 12:288–294
Joosten U, Joist A, Gosheger G, Liljenqvist U, Brandt B, Eiff CV (2005) Effectiveness of hydroxyapatite–vancomycin bone cement in the treatment of staphylococcus aureus induced chronic osteomyelitis. Biomaterials 26:5251–5258
Jung BO, Lee YM, Kim JJ, Choi YJ, Jung KJ, Chung SJ (1999) The antimicrobial effect of water soluble chitosan. J. Korean Ind Eng Chem 10:660–665
Kang HY, Jung MJ, Jeong YK (2000) Antibacterial activity and the stability of an Ag+ solution made using metallic silver. Korean J Biotechnol Bioeng 15:521–524
Kim TN, Feng QL, Kim JO, Wu J, Wang H, Chen GC, Cui FA (1998) Antimicrobial effects of metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+) in hydroxyapatite. J Mater Sci Mater Med 9:129–134
Kim JS, Kuk E, Yu KN, Kim JS, Park SJ, Lee HJ, Kim SH, Park YK, Park YH, Hwang CY, Kim YK, Lee YS, Jeong DH, Cho MH (2007) Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 3:95–101
Magana SM, Quintana P, Aguilar DH, Toledo JA, Chavez CA, Cortes MA, Leon L, Pelegrin YF, Lopez T, Sanchez RMT (2008) Antibacterial activity of montmorillonites modified with silver. J Mol Catal A 281:192–199
Mastro MA, Hardy AW, Boasso A, Shearer GM, Eddy CR, Kub FJ (2009) Non-toxic inhibition of HIV-1 replication with silver-copper nanoparticles. Med Chem Res doi:10.1007/s00044-009-9253-1
Miura N, Shinohara Y (2009) Cytotoxic effect and apoptosis induction by silver nanoparticles in HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 390:733–737
Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, Ramirez JT (2005) The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 16:2346–2353
Nomura K, Fujii S, Ohki Y, Awazu K, Fujimaki M, Tominaga J, Fukuda N, Hirakawa T, Rockstuhl C (2008) Fabrication of inert silver nanoparticles with a thin silica coating. Jpn J Appl Phys 47:8641–8643
Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A (2009) Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv 27:76–83
Rameshbabu N, Sampath Kumar TS, Prabhakar TG, Sastry VS, Murty KVGK, Prasad Rao K (2007) Antibacterial nanosized silver substituted hydroxyapatite: synthesis and characterization. J Biomed Mater Res A 80:581–591
Regi MV (2001) Ceramics for medical applications. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 4:97–108
Samuel L, Turek MD, Lippincott JB (1985) Orthopaedics: principles and applications, 2nd edn. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 113–136
Sanosh KP, Chu MC, Balakrishnan A, Lee YJ, Kim TN, Cho SJ (2009) Synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite powder that simulate teeth particle morphology and composition. Curr Appl Phys 9:1459–1462
Santos IP, Marza LML (2002) Synthesis of silver nanoprisms in DMF. Nano Lett 2:903–905
Schabes PSR, Canizal G, Herrera RB, Zorrilla C, Liu HB, Ascencio JA (2006) Biosynthesis and characterization of Ti/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles. Opt Mater 29:95–99
Shen Z, Adolfsson E, Nygren M, Gao L, Kawaoka H, Niihara K (2001) Dense hydroxyapatite-zirconia ceramic composites with high strength for biological applications. Adv Mater 13:214–216
Shirkhanzadeh M, Azadegan M, Liu GQ (1995) Bioactive delivery systems for the slow release of antibiotics: incorporation of Ag+ ions into micro-porous hydroxyapatite coatings. Mater Lett 24:7–12
Sobhana SSL, Sundaraseelan J, Sekar S, Sastry TP, Mandal AB (2009) Gelatin-chitosan composite capped gold nanoparticles: a matrix for the growth of hydroxyapatite. J Nanopart Res 11:333–340
Sondi I, Sondi BS (2004) Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for gram-negative bacteria. J Colloid Interface Sci 275:177–182
Tang X, Chen J, Li Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Shen W (2006) Complete oxidation of formaldehyde over Ag/MnOx–CeO2 catalysts. Chem Eng J 118:119–125
Thian ES, Huang J, Vickers ME, Best SM, Barber ZH, Bonfield W (2006) Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (Si-HA): a novel calcium phosphate coating for biomedical applications. J Mater Sci 41:709–717
Tortora GJ, Funke BR, Case CL (1998) Microbiology an introduction, 6th edn. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, California, pp 84–98
Wu Y, Jia W, An Q, Liu Y, Chen J, Li G (2009) Multiaction antibacterial nanofibrous membranes fabricated by electrospinning: an excellent system for antibacterial applications. Nanotechnology 20:245101–245108
Yen HJ, Hsu SH, Tsai CL (2009) Cytotoxicity and immunological response of gold and silver nanoparticles of different sizes. Small 5:1553–1561
Yeo SG, Ahn CH, Kim IS, Park YB, Park YH, Kim SB (1981) Antimicrobial effect of tea extracts from green tea, oolong tea and black tea. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 24:293–298
Zhang C, Yang J, Quan Z, Yang P, Li C, Hou Z, Lin J (2009) Hydroxyapatite nano- and microcrystal with multiform morphologies: controllable synthesis and luminescence properties. Cryst Growth Des 9:2725–2733
Zhao K, Feng Q, Chen G (1999) Antimicrobial effects of silver loaded hydroxyapatite. Tsinghua Sci Technol 4:1570–1576
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Korean Research Foundation Grant Funded by Korea Government (MOEHRD; KRF–2005-210-D00042) and Regional Research Centers Programs of the Korean Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development through the Center for Healthcare Technology Development. One of the authors RN sincerely acknowledges the help provided by Dr. Atul A. Chaudhri, and Ms. In Hee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University and Dr. Nasser A. M. Barakat, Chemical Engineering Department, El-Minia University, Egypt for his valuable suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nirmala, R., Sheikh, F.A., Kanjwal, M.A. et al. Synthesis and characterization of bovine femur bone hydroxyapatite containing silver nanoparticles for the biomedical applications. J Nanopart Res 13, 1917–1927 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-9944-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-9944-z