Abstract
A silver resistant Bacillus sp. was isolated through exposure of an aqueous AgNO3 solution to the atmosphere. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using these airborne bacteria (Bacillus sp.). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses confirmed that silver nanoparticles of 5–15 nm in size were deposited in the periplasmic space of the bacterial cells; a preferable cell surface location for the easy recovery of biogenic nanoparticles.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this article
We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.
Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.
References
Anandan S, Grieser F, Ashokkumar M (2008) Sonochemical synthesis of Au-Ag core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 112:15102–15105. doi:10.1021/jp806960r
Bacelar-Nicolau P, Johnson DB (1999) Leaching of pyrite by acidophilic heterotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria in pure and mixed cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:585–590
Beveridge TJ, Murray RGE (1980) Sites of metal deposition in the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 141:876–877
Chen YH, Yeh CS (2001) A new approach for the formation of alloy nanoparticles: laser synthesis of gold–silver alloy from gold–silver colloidal mixtures. Chem Commun (Camb) 371–372. doi:10.1039/b009854j
Daniel MC, Astruc D (2004) Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Chem Rev 104:293–346. doi:10.1021/cr030698+
Dopson M, Lindstrom EB (1999) Potential role of thiobacillus caldus in arsenopyrite bioleaching. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:36–40
Fortin D, Beveridge TJ (2000) From biology to biotechnology and medical applications. In: Baeuerien E (ed) Biomineralization. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 7–22
Gupta A, Matsui K, Lo JF, Silver S (1999) Molecular basis for resistance to silver cations in Salmonella. Nat Med 5:183–188. doi:10.1038/5545
Haefeli C, Franklin C, Hardy K (1984) Plasmid-determined silver resistance in Pseudomonas stutzeri isolated from a silver mine. J Bacteriol 158:389–392
Hodak JH, Henglein A, Giersig M, Hartland GV (2000) Laser-induced inter-diffusion in AuAg core-shell nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 104:11708–11718. doi:10.1021/jp002438r
Holt et al (1994) Bergey’s manual of determination bacteriology. William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Jeong BC, Hawes C, Bonthrone KM, Macaskie LE (1997) Localization of enzymically enhanced heavy metal accumulation by Citrobacter sp. and metal accumulation in vitro by liposomes containing entrapped enzyme. Microbiology 143:2497–2501
Klaus T, Joerger R, Olsson E, Granqvist CG (1999) Silver-based crystalline nanoparticles, microbially fabricated. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 968:13611–13614. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13611
Link S, Wang ZL, El-Sayed MA (1999) Alloy formation of gold-silver nanoparticles and the dependence of the plasmon absorption on their composition. J Phys Chem B 103:3529–3533. doi:10.1021/jp990387w
Lundgren DG, Silver M (1980) Ore leaching by bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 34:263–283. doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.34.100180.001403
Mandal D, Bolander ME, Mukhopadhyay D, Sarkar G, Mukherjee P (2006) The use of microorganisms for the formation of metal nanoparticles and their application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 69:485–492. doi:10.1007/s00253-005-0179-3
Misra TK (1992) Bacterial resistances to inorganic mercury salts and organomercurials. Plasmid 27:4–16. doi:10.1016/0147-619X(92)90002-R
Mizukoshi Y, Okitsu K, Maeda Y, Yamamoto TA, Oshima R, Nagata Y (1997) Sonochemical preparation of bimetallic nanoparticles of gold/palladium in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem B 101:7033–7037. doi:10.1021/jp9638090
Nies DH (1992) Resistance to cadmium, cobalt, zinc, and nickel in microbes. Plasmid 27:17–28. doi:10.1016/0147-619X(92)90003-S
Pooley FD (1982) Bacteria accumulate silver during leaching of sulphide ore minerals. Nature 296:642–643. doi:10.1038/296642a0
Sastry M, Ahmad A, Khan MI, Kumar R (2004) Microbial nanoparticle production. In: Niemeyer CM, Mirkin CA (eds) Nanobiotechnology. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, pp 126–135
Silver S (2003) Bacterial silver resistance: molecular biology and uses and misuses of silver compounds. FEMS Microbiol Rev 27:341–353. doi:10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00047-0
Silver S, Phung LT (1996) Bacterial heavy metal resistance: new surprises. Annu Rev Microbiol 50:753–789. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.50.1.753
Silvert PY, Vijayakrishnan V, Vibert P, Herrara-Urbina R, Elhsissen KT (1996) Synthesis and characterization of nanoscale Ag-Pd alloy particles. Nanostruct Mater 7:611–618. doi:10.1016/0965-9773(96)00039-6
Slawson RM, Trevors JT, Lee H (1992a) Silver accumulation and resistance in Pseudomonas stutzeri. Arch Microbiol 158:398–404. doi:10.1007/BF00276299
Slawson RM, Van Dyke MI, Lee H, Trevors JT (1992b) Germanium and silver resistance, accumulation, and toxicity in microorganisms. Plasmid 27:72–79. doi:10.1016/0147-619X(92)90008-X
Southam G, Beveridge TJ (1994) The in vitro formation of placer gold by bacteria. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:4527–4530. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(94)90355-7
Treguer M, de Cointet C, Remita H, Khatouri J, Mostafavi M, Amblard J, Mostafavi M, Amblard J, Belloni J, de Keyzer R (1998) Dose rate effects on radiolytic synthesis of gold-silver bimetallic clusters in solution. J Phys Chem B 102:4310–4321. doi:10.1021/jp981467n
Vinodgopal K, He Y, Ashokkumar M, Grieser F (2006) Sonochemically prepared platinum-ruthenium bimetallic nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 110:3849–3852. doi:10.1021/jp060203v
White C, Sayer JA, Gadd GM (1997) Microbial solubilization and immobilization of toxic metals: key biogeochemical processes for treatment of contamination. FEMS Microbiol Rev 20:503–516. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00333.x
White C, Sharman AK, Gadd GM (1998) An integrated microbial process for the bioremediation of soil contaminated with toxic metals. Nat Biotechnol 16:572–575. doi:10.1038/nbt0698-572
Yonezawa T, Toshima N (1995) Mechanistic consideration of formation of polymer-protected nanoscopic bimetallic clusters. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 91:4111–4119. doi:10.1039/ft9959104111
Acknowledgement
The research described herein was supported by the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Australia and Department of Science and Technology, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pugazhenthiran, N., Anandan, S., Kathiravan, G. et al. Microbial synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Bacillus sp.. J Nanopart Res 11, 1811–1815 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9621-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9621-2