Abstract
A molten salt route to LaF3:Eu3+ nanoplate with tunable size was developed and the products were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM). It is found that the nanoplates with different sizes (ca. 46, 20, and 12 nm) could be obtained when the molar ratio of the reagents NH4F and La(NO3)3 · 6H2O was adjusted. The possible formation process of reaction was discussed, and the reasonable mechanism of size controlling was also proposed. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of all the samples with different sizes and doping levels were investigated at room temperature.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cai Z, Xing X, Yu R, Sun X, Liu G (2007) Morphology-controlled synthesis of lead titanate powders. Inorg Chem 46:7423–7427. doi:10.1021/ic700966n
Cheng Y, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Qin Y (2005) Two-step self-assembly of nanodisks into plate-built cylinders through oriented aggregation. J Phys Chem B 109:11548–11551. doi:10.1021/jp050641m
Jacob DS, Bitton L, Grinblat J, Felner I, Koltypin Y, Gedanken A (2006) Are ionic liquids really a boon for the synthesis of inorganic materials? A general method for the fabrication of nanosized metal fluorides. Chem Mater 18:3162–3168. doi:10.1021/cm060782g
Judd BR (1962) Optical absorption intensities of rare-earth ions. Phys Rev 127:750–761. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.127.750
LaMer VK, Dinegar RH (1950) Theory, production and mechanism of formation of monodispersed hydrosols. J Am Chem Soc 72:4847–4854. doi:10.1021/ja01167a001
Lemyre JL, Ritcey AM (2005) Synthesis of lanthanide fluoride nanoparticles of varying shape and size. Chem Mater 17:3040–3043. doi:10.1021/cm0502065
Liu H, Hu C, Wang Z (2006) Composite-hydroxide-mediated approach for the synthesis of nanostructures of complex functional-oxides. Nano Lett 6:1535–1540. doi:10.1021/nl061253e
Mai H, Zhang Y, Si R, Yan Z, Sun L, You L, Yan C (2006) High-quality sodium rare-earth fluoride nanocrystals: controlled synthesis and optical properties. J Am Chem Soc 128:6426–6436. doi:10.1021/ja060212h
Mao Y, Park T, Zhang F, Zhou H, Wong S (2007) Environmentally friendly methodologies of nanostructure synthesis. Small 3:1122–1139. doi:10.1002/smll.200700048
Meng J-X, Zhang M-F, Liu Y-L, Man S-Q (2007) Hydrothermal preparation and luminescence of LaF3:Eu3+ nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A 66:81–85. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2006.02.025
Park J, Lee E, Hwang NM, Kang M, Kim SC, Hwang Y, Park J-G, Noh H-J, Kim JY, Park J-H, Hyeon T (2005) One-nanometer-scale size-controlled synthesis of monodisperse magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:2872–2877. doi:10.1002/anie.200461665
Peng X, Wickham J, Alivisatos AP (1998) Kinetics of II-VI and III-V colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal growth: “focusing” of size distributions. J Am Chem Soc 120:5343–5344. doi:10.1021/ja9805425
Pi D, Wang F, Fan X, Wang M, Zhang Y (2005) Luminescence behavior of Eu3+ doped LaF3 nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A 61:2455–2458. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2004.09.009
Seo WS, Jo HH, Lee K, Kim B, Oh SJ, Park JT (2004) Size-dependent magnetic properties of colloidal Mn3O4 and MnO nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 43:1115–1117. doi:10.1002/anie.200352400
Sharma PK, Jilavi MH, Nass R, Schmidt H (1999) Tailoring the particle size from μm → nm scale by using a surface modifier and their size effect on the fluorescence properties of europium doped yttria. J Lumin 82:187–193. doi:10.1016/S0022-2313(99)00040-X
Sivakumar S, van Veggel FCJM, Raudsepp M (2005) Bright white light through up-conversion of a single NIR source from sol-gel-derived thin film made with Ln3+-doped LaF3 nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 127:12464–12465. doi:10.1021/ja052583o
Sivakumar S, Diamente PR, van Veggel FCJM (2006) Silica-coated Ln3+-doped LaF3 nanoparticles as robust down- and upconverting biolabels. Chem Eur J 12:5878–5884. doi:10.1002/chem.200600224
Sun S, Zeng H (2002) Size-controlled synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 124:8204–8205. doi:10.1021/ja026501x
Sun X, Zhang YW, Du YP, Yan ZG, Si R, You LP, Yan C (2007) From trifluoroacetate complex precursors to monodisperse rare-earth fluoride and oxyfluoride nanocrystals with diverse shapes through controlled fluorination in solution phase. Chem Eur J 13:2320–2332. doi:10.1002/chem.200601072
Tao F, Wang J, Yao L, Cai W, Li X (2007) Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of truncated octahedral Eu-doped YF3 submicrocrystals or nanocrystals. J Phys Chem C 111:3241–3245. doi:10.1021/jp065905z
Tian Y, Chen D, Jiao X (2006) La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) nanoparticles nearly freestanding in water: preparation and magnetic properties. Chem Mater 18:6088–6090. doi:10.1021/cm0622349
Tian Y, Chen D, Jiao X, Duan Y (2007) Facile preparation and electrochemical properties of cubic-phase Li4Mn5O12 nanowires. Chem Commun (Camb) 2072–2074. doi:10.1039/b700385d
Wang X, Li Y (2003) Fullerene-like rare-earth nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 42:3497–3500. doi:10.1002/anie.200351006
Wang M, Huang Q-L, Hong JM, Chen XT, Xue ZL (2006a) Selective synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline EuF3 with orthorhombic and hexagonal structures. Cryst Growth Des 6:1972–1974. doi:10.1021/cg060116s
Wang X, Zhuang J, Peng Q, Li YD (2006b) Hydrothermal synthesis of rare-earth fluoride nanocrystals. Inorg Chem 45:6661–6665. doi:10.1021/ic051683s
Wang Y-HA, Bao N, Shen L, Padhan P, Gupta A (2007) Size-controlled synthesis of magnetic CuCr2Se4 nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 129:12408–12409. doi:10.1021/ja075893a
Watzky MA, Finke RG (1997) Transition metal nanocluster formation kinetic and mechanistic studies. A new mechanism when hydrogen is the reductant: slow, continuous nucleation and fast autocatalytic surface growth. J Am Chem Soc 119:10382–10400. doi:10.1021/ja9705102
Weber MJ (1968) Radiative and multiphonon relaxation of rare-earth ions in Y2O3. Phys Rev 171:283–291. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.171.283
Xiao S, Yang X, Ding J, Yan X (2007) Up-conversion in Yb3+-Tm3+ co-doped lutetium fluoride particles prepared by a combustion-fluorization method. J Phys Chem C 111:8161–8165. doi:10.1021/jp067323n
Xu CY, Zhen L, Yang R, Wang ZL (2007) Synthesis of single-crystalline niobate nanorods via ion-exchange based on molten-salt reaction. J Am Chem Soc 129:15444–15445. doi:10.1021/ja077251t
Yan R, Li YD (2005) Down/up conversion in Ln3+-doped YF3 Nanocrystals. Adv Funct Mater 15:763–770. doi:10.1002/adfm.200305044
Zhang Y, Sun X, Si R, You L, Yan C (2005) Single-crystalline and monodisperse LaF3 triangular nanoplates from a single-source precursor. J Am Chem Soc 127:3260–3261. doi:10.1021/ja042801y
Zhao H, Liu X, Tse SD (2008) Control of nanoparticle size and agglomeration through electric-field-enhanced flame synthesis. J Nanopart Res 10:907–923. doi:10.1007/s11051-007-9330-7
Zhu L, Li Q, Liu X, Li J, Zhang Y, Meng J, Cao X (2007a) Morphological control and luminescent properties of CeF3 nanocrystals. J Phys Chem C 111:5898–5903. doi:10.1021/jp068974m
Zhu L, Liu X, Meng J, Cao X (2007b) Facile sonochemical synthesis of single-crystalline europium fluorine with novel nanostructure. Cryst Growth Des 7:2505–2511. doi:10.1021/cg070224u
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20671057), the Program for new Century Excellent Talents in the University (P. R. China) and Doctoral Foundation of Shandong Province (2007BS04042).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tian, Y., Jiao, X., Zhang, J. et al. Molten salt synthesis of LaF3:Eu3+ nanoplates with tunable size and their luminescence properties. J Nanopart Res 12, 161–168 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9590-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9590-5