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Imaging Findings in Aspergillosis: From Head to Toe

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Abstract

Aspergillosis is a mycotic infection induced by airborne fungi that are ubiquitous. Inhalation of Aspergillus conidia results in transmission through the respiratory tract. The clinical presentation is dependent on organism and host specifics, with immunodeficiency, allergies, and preexisting pulmonary disease constituting the most important risk factors. In recent decades, the incidence of fungal infections has increased dramatically, due in part to the increased number of transplants and the pervasive use of chemotherapy and immunosuppressive drugs. The spectrum of clinical manifestations can range from an asymptomatic or mild infection to a swiftly progressive, life-threatening illness. Additionally, invasive infections can migrate to extrapulmonary sites, causing infections in distant organs. Recognition and familiarity with the various radiological findings in the appropriate clinical context are essential for patient management and the prompt initiation of life-saving treatment. We discuss the radiological characteristics of chronic and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, as well as some of the typically unexpected extrapulmonary manifestations of disseminated disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal

    Célia Sousa

  2. Radiology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Romulo Antonio Pasini, Klaus Irion, Alexandre Mançano & Bruno Hochhegger

  3. Radiology Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Alessandro Pasqualotto

  4. Radiology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

    Edson Marchiori

  5. Radiology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Stephan Altmayer

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  1. Célia Sousa
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  2. Romulo Antonio Pasini
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Célia Sousa and Bruno Hochhegger and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Sousa, C., Pasini, R.A., Pasqualotto, A. et al. Imaging Findings in Aspergillosis: From Head to Toe. Mycopathologia 188, 623–641 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-023-00766-6

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