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Enzymatic Mechanisms Involved in Evasion of Fungi to the Oxidative Stress: Focus on Scedosporium apiospermum

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Abstract

The airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are frequently colonized by various filamentous fungi, mainly Aspergillus fumigatus and Scedosporium species. To establish within the respiratory tract and cause an infection, these opportunistic fungi express pathogenic factors allowing adherence to the host tissues, uptake of extracellular iron, or evasion to the host immune response. During the colonization process, inhaled conidia and the subsequent hyphae are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) released by phagocytic cells, which cause in the fungal cells an oxidative stress and a nitrosative stress, respectively. To cope with these constraints, fungal pathogens have developed various mechanisms that protect the fungus against ROS and RNS, including enzymatic antioxidant systems. In this review, we summarize the different works performed on ROS- and RNS-detoxifying enzymes in fungi commonly encountered in the airways of CF patients and highlight their role in pathogenesis of the airway colonization or respiratory infections. The potential of these enzymes as serodiagnostic tools is also emphasized. In addition, taking advantage of the recent availability of the whole genome sequence of S. apiospermum, we identified the various genes encoding ROS- and RNS-detoxifying enzymes, which pave the way for future investigations on the role of these enzymes in pathogenesis of these emerging species since they may constitute new therapeutics targets.

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Acknowledgements

Cindy Staerck was recipient of the French association against cystic fibrosis Vaincre la Mucoviscidose (RF20140501104).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France

    C. Staerck, P. Vandeputte, A. Gastebois, A. Calenda, S. Giraud, N. Papon, J. P. Bouchara & M. J. J. Fleury

  2. Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France

    P. Vandeputte & J. P. Bouchara

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  3. A. Gastebois
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  4. A. Calenda
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  5. S. Giraud
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  8. M. J. J. Fleury
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. J. J. Fleury.

Additional information

PV, AG, SG, JPB and MJJF are members of the ECMM/ISHAM (European Confederation of Medical Mycology/International Society for Human and Animal Mycology) working group Fungal respiratory infections in Cystic Fibrosis (Fri-CF).

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Staerck, C., Vandeputte, P., Gastebois, A. et al. Enzymatic Mechanisms Involved in Evasion of Fungi to the Oxidative Stress: Focus on Scedosporium apiospermum . Mycopathologia 183, 227–239 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-017-0160-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-017-0160-6

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