Abstract
This paper presents a novel and elegant convolution structure for the multi-dimensional linear canonical transform involving a pure multi-dimensional kernel obtained via a general \(2n\times 2n\) real, symplectic matrix M with \(n(2n+1)\) independent parameters. The primary intention is to develop the convolution theorem associated with the novel linear canonical convolution. The convolution structure is subsequently invoked to establish the sampling theorem for the band-limited signals in the multi-dimensional linear canonical domain. The validity and efficiency of the sampling procedure are demonstrated via a lucid example. Besides, the Heisenberg’s and Beckner’s uncertainty principles associated with the multi-dimensional linear canonical transform are also studied in detail. Finally, we study and design the multiplicative filter in the multi-dimensional linear canonical domain by utilizing the proposed multi-dimensional convolution structure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akay, O., & Boudreaux-Bartels, G. F. (2001). Fractional convolution and correlation via operator methods and application to detection of linear FM signals. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 49, 979–993.
Bahri, M., Shah, F. A., & Tantary, A. Y. (2020). Uncertainty principles for the continuous shearlet transforms in aArbitrary space dimensions. Integral Transforms and Special Functions, 31(7), 538–555.
Bahri, M., Zulfajar, Z., & Ashino, R. (2014). Convolution and correlation theorem for linear canonical transform and properties. Information An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 17(6), 2509–2521.
Barshan, B., Kutay, M. A., & Ozaktas, H. M. (1997). Optimal filtering with linear canonical transformations. Optics Communication, 135, 32–36.
Beckner, W. (1995). Pitt’s inequality and the uncertainty principle. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 123, 1897–1905.
Chen, T., & Vaidyanathan, P. (1993). Recent developments in multidimensional multirate systems. IEEE Transaction on Circuits and System, 3(2), 116–137.
Collins, S. A., Jr. (1970). Lens-system diffraction integral written in terms of matrix optics. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 60, 1772–1780.
Debnath, L., & Shah, F. A. (2015). Wavelet Transforms and Their Applications. Boston: Birkhäuser.
Debnath, L., & Shah, F. A. (2017). Lectuer Notes on Wavelet Transforms. Boston: Birkhäuser.
Deng, B., Tao, R., & Wang, Y. (2006). Convolution theorems for the linear canonical transform and their applications. Science in China Series F: Information Sciences, 49, 592–603.
Dubois, E. (1985). The Sampling and reconstruction of time-varying imagery with application in video systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 73(4), 502–522.
Dubois, E. (1992). Motion-compensated filtering of time-varying images. Multidimensional System Signal Processing, 3(2), 211–239.
Feng, Q., & Li, B. Z. (2016). Convolution and correlation theorems for the two-dimensional linear canonical transform and its applications. IET Signal Processing, 10(2), 125–132.
Folland, G. B., & Sitaram, A. (1997). The uncertainty principle: A mathematical survey. Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications, 3, 207–238.
Gopinath, R. A., & Burrus, C. S. (1994). On upsampling, downsampling, and rational sampling rate filter banks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 42(4), 812–824.
Healy, J. J., Kutay, M. A., Ozaktas, H. M., & Sheridan, J. T. (2016). Linear Canonical Transforms: Theory and Applications. New York: Springer.
Healy, J. J., & Sheridan, J. T. (2009). Sampling and discretization of the linear canonical transform. Signal Processing, 89, 641–648.
Hennelly, B. M., & Sheridan, J. T. (2005). Fast numerical algorithm for the linear canonical transform. Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, 22, 928–937.
Kutay, M. A., & Ozaktas, H. M. (1998). Optimal image restoration with the fractional Fourier transform. Journal of the Optical Society of America A. Optics and Image Science, 15(4), 825–833.
Lee, Q. Y., Lia, B. Z., & Cheng, Q. Y. (2012). Discrete linear canonical transform of finite chirps. Engineering, 29, 3663–3667.
Li, B. Z., Tao, R., & Wang, Y. (2007). New sampling formulae related to linear canonical transform. Signal Processing, 87, 983–990.
Li, B. Z., & Xu, T. Z. (2012). Sampling in the linear canonical transform domain. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/504580.
Lu, Y. M., Do, M. N., & Laugesen, R. S. (2009). A computable Fourier condition generating alias-free sampling lattices. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 57(5), 1768–1782.
Moshinsky, M., & Quesne, C. (1971). Linear canonical transformations and their unitary representations. Journal of Mathematics and Physics, 12(8), 1772–1780.
Robert, J., & Marks, I. I. (1993). Advanced Topics in Shannon Sampling and Interpolation Theory. Berlin: Springer.
Shah, F. A., & Tantary, A. Y. (2018). Polar wavelet transform and the associated uncertainty principles. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 57(6), 1774–1786.
Shah, F. A., & Tantary, A. Y. (2020). Linear canonical Stockwell transform. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 443, 1–28.
Shah, F. A., & Tantary, A. Y. (2021). Lattice-based multi-channel sampling theorem for linear canonical transform. Digital Signal Processing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2021.103168.
Shi, J., Chi, Y., & Zhang, N. (2010). Multichannel sampling and reconstruction of bandlimited signals in fractional Fourier domain. IEEE Sig. Process. Letters., 17(11), 909–912.
Shi, J., Liu, X., Sha, X., & Zhang, N. (2017). Sampling and reconstruction of signals in function spaces associated with the linear canonical transform. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 60(11), 6041–6047.
Shi, J., Liu, X., & Zhang, N. (2014). Generalized convolution and product theorems associated with linear canonical transform. Signal, Image and Video Processing, 8, 967–974.
Shinde, S., & Gadre, V. M. (2001). An uncertainty principle for real signals in the fractional Fourier transform domain. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 49, 2545–2548.
Stern, A. (2006). Sampling of linear canonical transformed signals. Signal Processing, 86, 1421–1425.
Stern, A. (2008). Uncertainty principles in linear canonical transform domains and some of their implications in optics. Journal of the Optical Society of America A. Optics and Image Science, 25(3), 647–652.
Unser, M. (2000). Sampling-50 years after Shannon. Proceedings of the IEEE, 88(4), 569–587.
Wei, D., & Li, Y. M. (2014). Generalized wavelet transform based on the convolution operator in the linear canonical transform domain. Optik, 125, 4491–4496.
Wei, D., & Li, Y. (2014). Reconstruction of multidimensional bandlimited signals from multichannel samples in linear canonical transform domain. IET Signal Processing, 8(6), 647–657.
Wei, D. Y., Ran, Q. W., & Li, Y. M. (2011). A convolution and correlation theorem for the linear canonical transform and its application. Circuits System Signal Process, 31(1), 301–12.
Wei, D., Yang, W., & Li, Y. M. (2019). Lattices sampling and sampling rate conversion of multi-dimensional bandlimited signals in the linear canonical transform domain. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 356(13), 7571–7607.
Wilczok, E. (2000). New uncertainty principles for the continuous Gabor transform and the continuous wavelet transform. Documenta Mathematica, 5, 201–226.
Woods, J. W. (2011). Multidimensional Signal, Image, and Video Processing and Coding. Cambridge: Academic press.
Xiang, Q., & Qin, K. (2014). Convolution, correlation, and sampling theorems for the offset linear canonical transform. Signal, Image and Video Processing, 8(3), 433–442.
Xua, S., Chenb, Z., Zhang, K., & He, Y. (2020). Aliased polyphase sampling theorem for the offset linear canonical transform. Optik. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163410.
Xu, T. Z., & Li, B. Z. (2013). Linear Canonical Transform and Its Applications. Beijing: Science Press.
Zayed, A. I. (1993). Advances in Shannon’s Sampling Theory. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Zayed, A. I. (1996). Function and Generalized Function Transformations. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Zayed, A. I. (2018). Sampling of signals bandlimited to a disc in the linear canonical transform domain. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 25(12), 1765–1769.
Zayed, A. I., & Garcia, A. G. (1999). New sampling formulae for the fractional Fourier transform. Signal Processing, 77, 111–114.
Acknowledgements
The first author is supported by SERB (DST), Government of India under Grant No. EMR/2016/007951.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shah, F.A., Tantary, A.Y. Multi-dimensional linear canonical transform with applications to sampling and multiplicative filtering. Multidim Syst Sign Process 33, 621–650 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-021-00816-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-021-00816-6
Keywords
- Linear canonical transform
- Convolution
- Symplectic matrix
- Sampling
- Multiplicative filtering
- Uncertainty principle