Abstract
Surrogate materials were fabricated to investigate the creep damage characteristics of coal pillars in the long wall mining method. Similarity ratios for coal creep viscosity coefficient and creep rate were determined from analyzes derived from the fractional creep constitutive equation. Surrogate materials consisting of sand, paraffin, vaseline, and silicone oil, were prepared to simulate creep behavior. The creep characteristics of these surrogate materials were identified, and the compositions including the ratios of aggregate to binder, and paraffin to vaseline and silicone oil were determined. A physical similarity model was established to calculate the stress and deformation, and determine the damage characteristics of a coal pillar. The results indicate that the stress in the coal pillar decreases over time, and the maximum principal stress shifts toward the center before eventually taking an arc-shaped distribution. The vertical and horizontal distortions of the coal pillar decrease gradually from the coal wall on each side toward the center, resulting in a convex and inverted S-shaped deformation pattern, respectively. The coal pillar develops progressive damage on both sides, with the damaged area gradually increasing toward the middle section, ultimately leading to the collapse of the entire coal pillar. These findings provide valuable insight into the preparation of creep surrogate materials and the management of coal pillar stability.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atsushi, S., Hani, S.M.: Numerical investigation into pillar failure induced by time-dependent skin degradation. Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 27(4), 591–597 (2017)
Che, X.J.: Similarity theory of structural model simulation time. J. Yangtze River Sci. Res. Inst. 8(01), 59–62 (1991)
Chen, S.J., Qu, X., Yin, D.W., Liu, X.Q., Ma, H.F., Wang, H.Y.: Investigation lateral deformation and failure characteristics of strip coal pillar in deep mining. Geomech. Eng. 14(5), 421–428 (2018)
Chen, J., Jiang, Q., Hu, Y.R., Qin, W.M., Li, S.J., Xiong, J.: Time-dependent performance of damaged marble and corresponding fractional order creep constitutive model. Arab. J. Geosci. 13(21), 1150 (2020)
Cheng, J.W., Wu, Y.H., Wang, Y., Liu, G.Z., Wang, H., Wu, Y.C., Mei, J., Tian, S.J., Gao, K.: Characterizing coal pillar deformation and air leakage pattern during longwall face mining. Min. Metall. Explor. 39(4), 1487–1500 (2022)
Chu, Z.F., Liu, B.G., Sun, J.L., Shen, J., Song, Y., Li, T.: Research on rheological similar material of soft rock based on Burgers model. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 37(5), 1185–1198 (2018)
Colombaroa, I., Garrab, R., Giustic, A., Mainardid, F.: Scott-Blair models with time-varying viscosity. Appl. Math. Lett. 86, 57–63 (2018)
Deng, G.Z., Jiang, W.G., Hao, Z.C.: Correlation analysis of deformation time of coal pillars based on statistical damage in fully mechanized top-coal caving. J. Min. Saf. Eng. 26(4), 413–417 (2009)
Dong, J.Y., Yang, J.H., Yang, G.X., Wu, F.Q., Liu, F.S.: Research on similar material proportioning test of model test based on orthogonal design. J. China Coal Soc. 37(01), 44–49 (2012)
Duan, K., Zhang, Q.Y., Cai, B., Xu, X.B.: Experimental study on creep property of similar material for jin tan salt rock gas storage medium. Appl. Mech. Mater. 170, 772–776 (2012)
Fan, P.J., Wang, M.Y., Xing, H.J.: Time-dependent problems of deformation and failure in geo-mechanical model tests. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 33(9), 1843–1851 (2014)
Gu, D.Z.: Similar Materials and Models. China University of Mining and Technology Press, Xuzhou (1995)
Huang, P., Zhang, J., Damascene, N.J., Wang, Z.J., Li, M.: Effect of loading rate on mechanical behavior of coal samples with initial damage accumulation. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 26(2), 309–322 (2021)
Jiao, P.F., Zhang, X., Li, X.Z., Liu, B.H., Zhang, H.J.: Experimental study on the ratio of similar materials in weak surrounding rock based on orthogonal design. J. Eng. 2018, 1–6 (2018)
Ju, M.H., Li, X.H., Yao, Q.L., Liu, S.Y., Liang, S., Wang, X.L.: Effect of sand grain size on simulated mining-induced overburden failure in physical model tests. Eng. Geol. 226(30), 93–106 (2017)
Junthong, P., Khamrat, S., Sartkaew, S., Fuenkajorn, K.: Determination of time-dependent strengths of salt pillars based on strain energy principle. Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 29(2), 273–279 (2019)
Korzeniowski, W.: Rheological model of hard rock pillar. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 24(3), 10–15 (2020)
Li, S.C., Feng, X.D., Li, S.C., Li, L.P., Li, G.Y.: Research and development of a new similar material for solid-fluid coupling and its application. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 29(02), 281–288 (2010)
Li, S.C., Zhou, Y., Li, L.P., Zhang, Q., Song, S.G., Li, J.L., Wang, K., Wang, Q.H.: Development and application of a new similar material for underground engineering fluid-solid coupling model test. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 31(6), 1128–1137 (2012)
Liu, D.J., Lv, J., Zhang, Q.Y., Duan, K., Chen, X.G.: Development and application of salt rock-similar materials with rheological property. Chin. J. Geotechn. Eng. 33(10), 1590–1595 (2011)
Ma, F.P., Li, Z.K., Luo, G.F.: NIOS model material and its use in geo-mechanical similarity model test. J. Hydroelectr. Eng. 23(01), 48–51 (2004)
Ma, C.Y., Zhu, Z.G., Fang, Z.C., Li, Z.B., Liu, L.: Optimal proportion of similar materials and rockburst tendency of white sandstone. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2021, 6590779 (2021)
Ren, S., Guo, S.T., Jiang, D.Y., Yang, C.H.: Study of creep similar model and creep equivalent material of salt rock. Rock Soil Mech. 32(s1), 106–110 (2011)
Rong, T.L., Liu, K.L., Zhang, S., Zhao, Y., Liu, P.J., Wang, M.: A damage constitutive model for coal under mining stress and adsorption-desorption. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. (2023)
Seryakov, V.M., Rib, S.V., Basov, V.V., Fryanov, V.N.: Geomechanical substantiation of technology parameters for coal mining in interaction zone of longwall face and gate roadway. J. Min. Sci. 54(6), 899–906 (2019)
Shi, X.M., Liu, B.G., Xiao, J.: A method for determining the ratio of similar materials with cement and plaster as bonding agents. Rock Soil Mech. 36(05), 1357–1362 (2015)
Tang, H., Wang, D.P., Duan, Z.: New Maxwell creep model based on fractional and elastic-plastic elements. Adv. Civ. Eng. 2020, 9170706 (2020)
Wang, M.Z., Cai, M.: Numerical modeling of time-dependent spalling of rock pillars. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 141, 104725 (2021)
Wang, P., Su, C., Shi, F., Hu, G.Z., Wang, H.T.: Orthogonal experimental study of similar materials properties of different densities, sand-binder ratios and residual moisture contents. Rock Soil Mech. 38(s2), 229–235 (2017)
Wang, Y.Y., Sun, M., Guo, P., Zhang, Z.L., Zhang, Y.B.: Experimental study on numerical simulation of creep characteristics for soft rock of similar model. Coal Sci. Technol. 46(10), 125–129 (2018)
Wu, B.T., Zhu, H.H., Xu, Q.W., Ming, J.: Experimental study of similar material for weak surrounding rock mass of class IV. Rock Soil Mech. 34(s1), 109–116 (2013)
Wu, F., Liu, J., Zou, Q.L., Li, C.B., Chen, J., Gao, R.B.: A triaxial creep model for salt rocks based on variable-order fractional derivative. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 25(1), 101–118 (2020)
Xiao, J., Liu, B.G.: Research on water-physical properties of rock similar materials. Geotech. Eng. Tech. 29(3), 114–117 (2015)
Yang, X., Su, D.L., Zhou, B., Liu, Z., Zhou, C.Y.: Experiment study on similarity ratio of similar material for model test on red-bed soft rock. Rock Soil Mech. 37(8), 2231–2237 (2016)
Yao, Q.L., Yu, L.Q., Chen, N., Wang, W.N., Xu, Q.: Experimental study on damage and failure of coal-pillar dams in coal mine underground reservoir under dynamic load. Geofluids 2021, 5623650 (2021)
Zhang, Q.Y., Li, S.C., Guo, X.H., Li, Y., Wang, H.P.: Research and development of new typed cementitious geotechnical similar material for iron crystal sand and its application. Rock Soil Mech. 29(8), 2126–2130 (2008)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by The Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (23KJD440002) and Jiangsu Province Industry University Research Cooperation Project (BY20221261).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Jinshuai Guo wrote the main manuscript text and Guangpei Zhang conducted physical similarity simulation experiments. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Guo, J., Zhang, G. Preparation of a surrogate material for coal creep and the simulation of its damage evolution emulating the coal pillar creep. Mech Time-Depend Mater 28, 99–123 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-023-09643-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-023-09643-7