Abstract
The majority of the viscoelastic constitutive data for cement paste or concrete found in the literature deal exclusively with uniaxial loading. To predict the isotropic response of concrete or cement paste under multiaxial loading or multiaxial prescribed deformation, it is necessary to have knowledge of at least two viscoelastic constitutive properties. In the past, the typical treatment of three-dimensional modeling of concrete viscoelasticity has involved the assumption of a time-independent viscoelastic Poisson ratio. However, the experimental evidence supporting this simplification is inconclusive. In this study, experiments were performed on hardened cement paste that allowed the simultaneous measurement of both the dilatational and shear compliances, allowing the full three-dimensional characterization of the constitutive response. It was found that the dilatational compliance leveled off after several days for three of four mixtures tested. In these three materials, the Poisson’s ratio was found to be an increasing function of time. Prediction of the measured uniaxial compliance using the measured bulk and shear compliances indicated that the confined compressive test used in this research may cause changes in the material which affect the measured dilatational compliance, and therefore the calculated viscoelastic Poisson ratio.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bazant, Z.P.: Creep and shrinkage in concrete. In: Nemat-Nasser, S. (ed.) Mechanics Today, vol. 2, pp. 1–93. Pergamon (1975)
Bernard, O., Ulm, F.-J., Germaine, J.T.: Volume and deviator creep of calcium-leached cement-based materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 33(8), 1127–1136 (2003)
Ghosh, R.S.: Lateral creep of maturing cement paste. Mater. Constr. Mater. Struct. 7(42), 403–408 (1974)
Gopalakrishnan, K., Neville, A., Ghali, A.: Creep Poisson’s ratio of concrete under multiaxial compression. ACI J. 66(12), 1008–1020 (1969)
Hannant, D.J.: Creep and creep recovery of concrete subjected to multiaxial compressive stress. ACI J. 66(5), 391–394 (1969)
Hilton, H.H.: Implications and constraints of time-independent Poisson ratios in linear isotropic and anisotropic viscoelasticity. J. Elast. 63, 221–251 (2001)
Hilton, H.H.: Comments regarding “viscoelastic properties of an epoxy resin during cure” by D.J. O’Brien, P.T. Mather and S.R. White. J. Compos. Mater. 37(1), 89–94 (2003)
Hilton, H.H., Yi, S.: Significance of (an)isotropic viscoelastic Poisson ratio stress and time dependencies. Int. J. Sol. Struct. 35(23), 3081–3095 (1998)
Jordaan, I., Illston, J.: Creep of sealed concrete under multiaxial compressive stresses. Mag. Concr. Res. 21(69), 195–204 (1969)
Jordaan, I., Illston, J.: Time-dependent strains in sealed concrete under systems of variable multiaxial stress. Mag. Concr. Res. 23(75–76), 79–88 (1971)
Kachanov, L.M.: Fundamentals of the Theory of Plasticity. Mir, Moscow (1974)
Lakes, R.S.: The time-dependent Poisson’s ratio of viscoelastic materials can increase or decrease. Cell. Polym. 11, 466–469 (1992)
L’Hermite, R.G.: Volume changes of concrete. In: Proc. of 4th Int. Symp. on the Chemistry of Cement, Washington, D.C. (1960)
Ma, Z., Ravi-Chandar, K.: Confined compression: A stable homogeneous deformation for constitutive characterization. Exp. Mech. 40(1), 38–45 (2000)
Meyer, H.G.: On the influence of water content and of drying conditions on lateral creep of plain concrete. Mater. Struct. 2, 125–131 (1969)
Neville, A.M.: Properties of concrete. Pearson Education Ltd. (1995)
Neville, A.M., Dilger, W.: Creep of Concrete: Plain, Reinforced, Prestressed. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1970)
Park, S.J., Liechti, K.M., Roy, S.: Simplified bulk experiments and hygrothermal nonlinear viscoelasticity. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 8(4), 303–344 (2004)
Parrott, L.J.: Lateral strains in hardened cement paste under short- and long-term loading. Mag. Concr. Res. 26(89), 198–202 (1974)
Qvale, D., Ravi-Chandar, K.: Viscoelastic characterization of polymers under multiaxial compression. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 8(3), 193–214 (2004)
Ravi-Chandar, K., Ma, Z.: Inelastic deformation in polymers under multiaxial compression. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 4(4), 333–357 (2000)
Ross, A.D.: Experiments on the creep of concrete under two-dimensional stressing. Mag. Concr. Res. 6(16), 3–10 (1954)
Timoshenko, S.P., Goodier, J.N.: Theory of Elasticity. United Engineering Trustees, Inc. (1934)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grasley, Z.C., Lange, D.A. The viscoelastic response of cement paste to three-dimensional loading. Mech Time-Depend Mater 11, 27–46 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-007-9030-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-007-9030-9