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Robust audio watermarking algorithm resisting cropping based on SIFT transform

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Abstract

Robust watermarking plays a key role in copyright protection and information leakage tracking, network conference recording, etc. However, cropping attack is a strong geometric attack, which can destroy the watermarked information of audio signal. For this problem, this paper proposes a robust audio watermarking algorithm by combining chaotic system, scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to resist cropping attack. After applying DWT to the original signal, we use the obtained DWT low-frequency coefficients to construct a square matrix and extract the SIFT features with scale invariance from this matrix. The watermark is encrypted by Tent map, and then it is embedded into the low-frequency components according to the sift features location information. Watermark extraction is the inverse process of embedding. Compared with the state of the art audio watermarking algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better performance in terms of robustness and payload capacity while ensuring good imperceptibility.

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology program (Grant nos.23NSFSC0470, 2021YFQ0053, 2022YFG0152), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) program (No.62171387, No.62202390, No.61902085).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, People’s Republic of China

    Xiangyi Liu, Xianhua Niu, Canghong Shi, Ling Xiong, Yushi Liu & Tianyu Yang

  2. The College of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaojie Li

  3. School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550000, China

    Qian Qing

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  1. Xiangyi Liu
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  2. Xiaojie Li
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  3. Xianhua Niu
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  4. Canghong Shi
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  7. Yushi Liu
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Correspondence to Canghong Shi.

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Liu, X., Li, X., Niu, X. et al. Robust audio watermarking algorithm resisting cropping based on SIFT transform. Multimed Tools Appl 83, 40657–40676 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16827-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16827-3

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