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Comments on "efficient SVD speech watermarking with encrypted images"

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Abstract

In the paper entitled "Efficient SVD speech watermarking with encrypted images", El-Gazar et al. (2018) have proposed a new speech signal watermarking algorithm based on the SVD and encrypted watermarks. This algorithm is similar to one previously proposed by Liu and Tan in (2002) for digital image. However, some researchers have pointed out that Liu and Tan’s algorithm suffers from the problem of false positive detection of the watermark, as reported in references (2007),(2005). In this paper, we demonstrate that El-Gazar et al. algorithm (2018) is vulnerable to two ambiguity attacks that allow the extraction of fake watermarks. Experimental results have shown that the extracted watermarks from different audio signals are visually and geometrically similar to the attacker’s watermark, with normalized correlation values ranging from 0.9928 and 0.9994. Therefore, this algorithm cannot be used for security systems, data hiding, and copyright protection.

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Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. École Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria

    Amar El Maadi

  2. Development Research Center, Algiers, Algeria

    Khaled Loukhaoukha, Mahmoud Benmami, Noureddine Mehallegue & Khalil Zebbiche

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada

    Khaled Loukhaoukha

  4. School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK

    Noureddine Mehallegue & Khalil Zebbiche

Authors
  1. Amar El Maadi
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  2. Khaled Loukhaoukha
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  3. Mahmoud Benmami
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  4. Noureddine Mehallegue
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  5. Khalil Zebbiche
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Correspondence to Khaled Loukhaoukha.

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El Maadi, A., Loukhaoukha, K., Benmami, M. et al. Comments on "efficient SVD speech watermarking with encrypted images". Multimed Tools Appl 83, 15617–15628 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16091-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16091-5

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