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Design and development of reversible data hiding- homomorphic encryption & rhombus pattern prediction approach

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Abstract

In this modern era, a large amount of multimedia content plays an important role in various fields. For multimedia content, storage space and processing speed are more crucial. As a result, existing multimedia applications are moving to a cloud-based paradigm since it offers greater storage and faster processing capabilities. This ensures that more and more people choose to save and process their multimedia content on the cloud. However, this option might cause severe repercussions due to inadequate security. Homomorphic encryption is a type of encryption that enables users to do computations on encrypted data without having to decrypt it first. These resulting operations are then stored in an encrypted form, which when decrypted, produces the same outcomes as if the operations had been performed on the unencrypted data. This paper aims to present a promising solution to protect the data on the cloud through Reversible Data Hiding in an Encrypted Image (RDHEI), using homomorphic encryption and a rhombus pattern prediction scheme. Using this proposed method, any third party can perform data-hiding operations on an encrypted image without being aware of the original contents. Furthermore, this method has the advantage of protecting the image very securely. The entropy of the encrypted image is 7.999, deviations from ideality are 0.0245, diagonal correlation and vertical correlation are 0.0092 and − 0.0015, respectively, and embedding capacity is 0.498 bpp. Finally, flawless image recovery and covert extraction are possible.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi for the FIST funding (SR/FST/ET-I/2018/221(C)). Also, Authors wish to thank the Intrusion Detection Lab at School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University for providing infrastructural support to carry out this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed University, 613 401, Thanjavur, India

    R. Anushiadevi

  2. School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, 613 401, Thanjavur, India

    Rengarajan Amirtharajan

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  1. R. Anushiadevi
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  2. Rengarajan Amirtharajan
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Correspondence to Rengarajan Amirtharajan.

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Anushiadevi, R., Amirtharajan, R. Design and development of reversible data hiding- homomorphic encryption & rhombus pattern prediction approach. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 46269–46292 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15455-1

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