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Triple byte nonlinear component of block cipher and its application in frequency domain watermarking

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Abstract

In today’s world, digital data such as images, videos, and texts are easily accessible to just about anyone, posing significant security and copyright concerns. An effective tool to address this concern is digital watermarking. We propose a new digital watermarking technique for color images based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) and a triple-byte nonlinear component of a block cipher. We have first constructed a triple byte nonlinear component of block cipher i.e. 24×24 substitution box (S-box) based on the Galois ring GR(23,8) and then we use it in watermarking procedure by dividing it into 3 bytes and each byte deals with Red (R), Green (G) and Blue (B) channels separately. We split the watermark and original image into R, G, and B channels. Then we embed the combined S-box substituted R, G, and B channel of the watermark image in the combined DCT applied R, G, and B channel of the original image. Experimental and comparative analysis shows that our proposed method is more secure,effective, and robust than previous schemes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Tariq Shah & Asma Batool

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  1. Tariq Shah
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  2. Asma Batool
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Correspondence to Asma Batool.

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Shah, T., Batool, A. Triple byte nonlinear component of block cipher and its application in frequency domain watermarking. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 40937–40952 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15125-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15125-2

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