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A novel audio watermarking algorithm robust against recapturing attacks

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Abstract

Digital watermarking is a promising technology used in copyright protection for digital audio. However, in audio watermarking, it is still a challenge to achieve robustness against recapturing attacks, although much effort has been made in recent years. In this paper, a novel audio watermarking based on the frequency domain power spectrum (FDPS) feature is proposed to resist recapturing attacks. We divide a long audio signal into segments and split each segment into fragments. We embed synchronization codes in some fragments by quantifying the feature generated by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) approximate coefficients and copyright information in other fragments based on the FDPS feature. For the incoming audio, we extract synchronization codes to locate the watermarked fragments, further to extract copyright information. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well under recapturing attacks and the bit error ratio (BER) value is decreased by more than 13% by comparing with the state-of-the-art methods.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61902085), Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of XYNU, the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province (No. 212102310993), Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No. 222300420274), and the Opening Project of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology (No.2020B1212060078-1). We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions.

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Author notes

  1. Zhenghui Liu

    Present address: School of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China

    Junjie He

  2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Zhenghui Liu

  3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Zhenghui Liu

  4. Xinyang Normal University Library, Xinyang, 464000, China

    Kejia Lin

  5. Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China

    Qing Qian

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  1. Junjie He
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  2. Zhenghui Liu
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  3. Kejia Lin
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  4. Qing Qian
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Correspondence to Zhenghui Liu.

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He, J., Liu, Z., Lin, K. et al. A novel audio watermarking algorithm robust against recapturing attacks. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 18599–18616 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-14197-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-14197-w

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