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A novel audio watermarking scheme based on fuzzy inference system in DCT domain

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Abstract

Digital watermarking technology provides an effective potential solution to copyright protection and authentication of digital media. In this article, a new design of audio watermarking is introduced which is able to make compromise between transparency, robustness, and capacity by means of the synergy between fuzzy inference system, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and Fibonacci’s sequence in Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). In the embedding phase, the proposed method, first of all, finds proper segments for inserting watermark data by helping fuzzy inference system with energy, zero-crossing rate (ZCR), and music edge features. Then, the watermark bits are embedded in the suitable segments based on collaboration of SVD technique and Fibonacci sequence in DCT domain. The proposed watermark extraction is performed in blind manner. The results on five Blues, Electronic, Classic, Jazz and Rock audio files show that the proposed method has high transparency (in average SNR = 49.80 dB) with payload of 598.34 bps. Moreover, robustness tests against Stirmark attacks show that the average of error rate is 1.3644, which means the proposed scheme has high stability in the digital signal processing attacks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Computer Engineering, NajafAbad Branch, Islamic Azad University, NajafAbad, Iran

    Mahdi Mosleh, Saeed Setayeshi, Behrang Barekatain & Mohammad Mosleh

  2. Faculty of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Saeed Setayeshi

  3. Big Data Research Center, NajafAbad Branch, Islamic Azad University, NajafAbad, Iran

    Behrang Barekatain

  4. Department of Computer Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran

    Mohammad Mosleh

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  1. Mahdi Mosleh
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  2. Saeed Setayeshi
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  4. Mohammad Mosleh
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Correspondence to Saeed Setayeshi.

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Mosleh, M., Setayeshi, S., Barekatain, B. et al. A novel audio watermarking scheme based on fuzzy inference system in DCT domain. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 20423–20447 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10686-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10686-6

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