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A reversible data hiding scheme based on (5, 3) Hamming code using extra information on overlapped pixel blocks of grayscale images

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose a reversible data hiding scheme using (5, 3) Hamming code. A cover image is partitioned into blocks of five pixels. An adjusted (5, 3) Hamming code method is then applied to find a possible modification position in these blocks to conceal message bits. The estimated position is used to determine the started pixel in the next block and this pixel may belong to the current block of pixels. This means that the overlapped pixel blocks are employed in the proposed scheme to hide secret data. As a result, the proposed scheme provides an average embedding payload reaches to 1.2 bits per pixel (bpp). The embedding positions are also utilized as a secret key to protect the hidden message from extracting attacks and extra information in the image recovering process. An original image can be recovered with no error after an extraction process has been completed. The experiment results obtained from 10,000 natural images in BOWS-2 prove that the proposed scheme can achieve a higher embedding rate, better stego-image perceptual quality, and higher security against detection and extraction attacks compared with the existing approaches.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge Hanoi Open University for financial support.

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  1. Hanoi Open University, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tuan Duc Nguyen & Huu Dung Le

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  1. Tuan Duc Nguyen
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  2. Huu Dung Le
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Correspondence to Tuan Duc Nguyen.

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Nguyen, T.D., Le, H.D. A reversible data hiding scheme based on (5, 3) Hamming code using extra information on overlapped pixel blocks of grayscale images. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 13099–13120 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10347-0

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