Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Color face recognition using normalized-discriminant hybrid color space and quaternion moment vector features

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Zernike and pseudo-Zernike moments (ZMs/PZMs) have been found useful for a variety of applications requiring feature extraction due to their favorable properties, such as low information redundancy, rotational invariance, higher noise resilience and extendibility to the color space. In this paper, we propose an approach for color face recognition based on Zernike/pseudo-Zernike quaternion moment vector (QMV) features and a novel normalized-discriminant hybrid color space. The proposed XnSBr color space is composed by taking Xn from the normalized-XYZ, S from HSV and Br from the discriminant RGB-r color spaces to capture the features efficiently. In addition, we propose the use of quaternion vector distance (QVD) similarity measure for the QMV features in order to enhance the recognition accuracy. The exhaustive comparative performance analyses with the state-of-the-art approaches in the different color spaces demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of accuracy and speed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ahonen T, Hadid A, Pietikäinen M (2004) Face recognition with local binary patterns. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern. Prague, Czech Republic, vol. 3021, pp 469–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24670-1_36

  2. Al-Mohair HK, Mohamad-Saleh J, Suandi SA (2014) Color space selection for human skin detection using color-texture features and neural networks. Int Conf Comput Inf Sci:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCOINS.2014.6868362

  3. Anbarjafari G (2013) Face recognition using color local binary pattern from mutually independent color channels. EURASIP J Image Video Process 2013:6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. AyGegül U (2014) Color face recognition based on steerable pyramid transform and extreme learning machines. Sci World J 2014:628494. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/628494

  5. Bao S, Song X, Hu G, Yang X, Wang C (2017) Colour face recognition using fuzzy quaternion-based discriminant analysis. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 10(2):385–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Belk J (2012) Quaternion distance https://math.stackexchange.com/q/90098. Accessed 12 Dec 2018.

  7. Bhatia AB, Wolf E (1954) On the circle polynomials of Zernike and related orthogonal sets. Proc Camb Philos Soc 50:40–48

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Chakraborty S, Kumar Singh S, Chakraborty P (2019) Cascaded asymmetric local pattern: a novel descriptor for unconstrained facial image recognition and retrieval. Multimed Tools Appl 78:25143–25162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen S, Liu J, Zhou ZH (2004) Making FLDA applicable to face recognition with one sample per person. Pattern Recogn 37(7):1553–1555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen B, Shu H, Zhang H, Chen G, Toumoulin C, Dillensege RJ, Luo L (2012) Quaternion Zernike moments and their invariants for color image analysis and object recognition. Signal Process 92:308–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen B, Shu H, Coatrieux G, Chen G, Sun X, Coatrieux JL (2015) Color image analysis by quaternion-type moments. J Math Imaging Vis 51(1):124–144

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen B, Yang J, Ding M, Liu T, Zhang X (2016) Quaternion-type moments combining both color and depth information for RGB-D object recognition. In: 23rd international conference on pattern recognition (ICPR); Cancún, México, pp 704–708. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2016.7899717

  13. Chen B, Qi X, Sun X, Shi YQ (2017) Quaternion pseudo-Zernike moments combining both of RGB information and depth information for color image splicing detection. J Vis Commun Image Represent 49:283–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen B, Yang J, Jeon B, Zhang X (2017) Kernel quaternion principal component analysis and its application in RGBD image recognition. Neurocomputing 266(29):293–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Choi JY, Ro YM, Plataniotis K (2009) Color face recognition for degraded face images. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 39(5):1217–1230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Choi JY, Ro YM, Plataniotis KN (2012) Color local texture features for color face recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 21(3):1366–1380

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Deng W, Hu J, Guo J, Cai W, Feng D (2010) Robust, accurate and efficient face recognition from a single training image: a uniform pursuit approach. Pattern Recogn 43:1748–1762

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Ell TA, Sangwine SJ (2007) Hypercomplex Fourier transforms of color images. IEEE Trans Image Process 16(1):22–35

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Guo L, Dai M, Zhu M (2014) Quaternion moment and its invariants for color object classification. Inf Sci 273:132–143

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Hamilton WR (1866) Elements of quaternions. Longmans, Green and Company

    Google Scholar 

  21. Jonathon PP, Moon H, Rizvi SA, Rauss PJ (2000) The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 22(10):1090–1104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Karakasis EG, Papakostas GA, Koulouriotis DE, Tourassis VD (2014) A unified methodology for computing accurate quaternion color moments and moment invariants. IEEE Trans Image Process 3(2):596–611

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Kuffner JJ (2004) Effective sampling and distance metrics for 3D rigid body path planning. In: Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) vol.2004, pp 3993–3998. https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1308895

  24. Lee SH, Choi JY, Ro YM, Plataniotis KN (2012) Local color vector binary patterns from multichannel face images for face recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 21(4):2347–2353

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Li S, Lee MC, Pun CM (2009) Complex Zernike moments features for shape-based image retrieval. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern A Syst Hum 39(1):227–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Li J, Sang N, Gao C (2016) Completed local similarity pattern for color image recognition. Neurocomputing 182:111–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Li ZM, Huang ZH, Li WJ (2018) Recognition of colored face, based on an improved color local binary pattern. Int J Pattern Recognit Artif Intell 33(4):950006

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Li Y, Deng S, Zou BZ (2020) Using feature fusion strategies in continuous authentication on smartphones. IEEE Internet Comput 24(2):49–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Liu C (2011) Extracting discriminative color features for face recognition. Pattern Recogn Lett 32:1796–1804

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Liu C (2013) Effective use of color information for large scale face verification. Neurocomputing 101:43–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Liu Q (2014) Within-component and between-component discriminant analysis for color face recognition. Optik 125:6366–6374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Liu Z, Liu C (2008) A hybrid color and frequency features method for face recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 17(10):1975–1980

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. Liu Z, Liu C (2010) Fusion of color, local spatial and global frequency information for face recognition. Pattern Recogn 43:2882–2890

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Liu Q, Zhu H, Li Q (2011) Object recognition by combined invariants of orthogonal Fourier-Mellin moments. In: 2011 8th International Conference on Information, CommunicationsSignal Processing (ICICS). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICS.2011.6174265

  35. Liu Z, Qiu Y, Peng Y, Pu J, Zhang X (2016) Quaternion based maximum margin criterion method for color face recognition. Neural Process Lett 2016:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  36. Liu J, Wanquan L, Shiwei M, WangMeixi LL, Chen G (2018) Image-set based face recognition using K-SVD dictionary learning. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 10(5):1051–1064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Lu J, Tan YP, Wang G (2013) Discriminative multimanifold analysis for face recognition from a single training sample per person. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 35(1):39–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Lu Z, Jiang X, Kot A (2018) Color space construction by optimizing luminance and chrominance components for face recognition. Pattern Recogn 83:456–468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Torres L, Reutte JY, Lorente L (1999) The importance of the color information in face recognition. In: Proceedings 1999 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. 99CH36348), vol. 3, pp 627–631. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.1999.817191

  40. Martinez AM, Benavente R (1998) The AR face database. Tech Rep 24 CVC Technical Report

  41. Nefian AV. Ara Nefian (1999) Face Recognition Page. http://www.anefian.com/research/face_reco.htm. Accessed 19 Mar 2016

  42. Niu P, Wang P, Yn L, Yang H, Wang X (2016) Invariant color image watermarking approach using quaternion radial harmonic Fourier moments. Multimed Tools Appl 75(13):7655–7679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Ortiz EG, Becker BC (2014) Face recognition for web-scale datasets. Comput Vis Image Underst 118:153–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Peng F, Qin L, Long M (2017) Face presentation attack detection using guided. Multimed Tools Appl 77(7):8883–8909

  45. Rajapakse M, Tan J, Rajapakse J (2004) Color channel encoding with NMF for face recognition. In: 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04, vol. 3, pp 2007–2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2004.1421476

  46. Singh C, Aggarwal A (2016) A comparative performance analysis of DCT-based and Zernikemoments-based image up-sampling techniques. Optik 127:2158–2164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Singh C, Singh J (2018) Multi-channel versus quaternion orthogonal rotation invariant moments for color image representation. Digit Signal Process 78:376–392

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  48. Singh C, Mittal N, Walia E (2011) Face recognition using Zernike and complex Zernike moment features. Pattern Recognit Image Anal 21(1):77–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Spacek L (2008) Collection of Facial Images: Faces95 https://cswww.essex.ac.uk/mv/allfaces/index.html. Accessed 15 July 2016

  50. Sun Y, Chen S, Yin B (2011) Color face recognition based on quaternion matrix representation. Pattern Recogn Lett 32:597–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Teague MR (1980) Image analysis via the general theory of moments. Opt Soc Am 70(8):920–930

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  52. Wang JW, Le N, Lee JS, Wang CC (2016) Color face image enhancement using adaptive singular value decomposition in Fourier domain for face recognition. Pattern Recogn 57:31–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Wang C, Wang X, Li Y, Xia Z, Zhang C (2018) Quaternion polar harmonic Fourier moments for color images. Inf Sci 450:141–156

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  54. Wee CY, Paramesran R (2007) On the computational aspects of Zernike moments. Image Vis Comput 25(6):967–980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Wua S (2014) Quaternion-based improved LPP method for color face recognition. Optik 125:2344–2349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Xiang-yang W, Pan-pan N, Hong-ying Y, Chun-peng W, Ai-long, Wang (2014) A new robust color image watermarking using local quaternion exponent moments. Inf Sci 277:731–754.

  57. Yadav S, Vishwakarma VP (2019) Extended interval type-II and kernel-based sparse representation method for face recognition. Expert Syst Appl 116:265–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Yan H, Lu J, Zhou X, Shang Y (2014) Multi-feature multi-manifold learning for single-sample face recognition. Neurocomputing 143:134–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Yang J, Liu C, Zhang L (2010) Color space normalization: enhancing the discriminating power of color spaces for face recognition. Pattern Recogn 43:1454–1466

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  60. Yip AW, Sinha P (2002) Contribution of color to face recognition. Perception 31:995–1003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Zhang LB, Peng F, Qin L, Long M (2018) Face spoofing detection based on color texture Markov feature and support vector machine recursive feature elimination. J Vis Commun Image Represent 51:56–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Zhou SR, Yin JP, Zhang JM (2012) LPQ and LBP based Gabor filter for face representation. Neurocomputing 116(20):260–264

    Google Scholar 

  63. Zou C, Kou KI, Wang Y (2016) Quaternion collaborative and sparse representation with application to color face recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 25(7):3287–3302

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, India

    Sukhjeet K. Ranade

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, India

    Supriya Anand

Authors
  1. Sukhjeet K. Ranade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Supriya Anand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Supriya Anand.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest for the publication of this article.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ranade, S.K., Anand, S. Color face recognition using normalized-discriminant hybrid color space and quaternion moment vector features. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 10797–10820 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10244-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10244-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation