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Security analysis of multiple permutation encryption adopt in reversible data hiding

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Abstract

In order to improve the security of reversible data hiding algorithm in encrypted images, Liu designed an image multi-permutation encryption algorithm. By combining bit-plane permutation with pixel-block permutation, the embedding capacity of the algorithm is improved, and the ability of the encryption algorithm to resist existing Ciphertext-Only and Known-Plaintext attack is effectively improved. To analyze the security performance of the encryption algorithm, a Known-plaintext attack method based on the Root Mean Square(RMS) of image block is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the permutation order of bit plane is estimated by using the invariant distribution ratio of 0 and 1 before and after image encryption, the original pixel values is restored. Then, according to the characteristics that the pixel values of the image remain unchanged during block permutation and intra-block pixel permutation, the image block RMS feature is defined to search and estimate the block permutation sequence. Image block RMS equivalence class is defined by the image block RMS value, the ratio of the maximum number of elements in the equivalence class to the total number of pixels is p, which determines the difficulty of known plaintext attack. For the common image test set, 96% of the images have a p-value of less than 0.1, and only 4% of the images have a p-value greater than 0.1. Experimental results show that, When p<0.1, under the condition of 2 × 2 block size, the attacker only needs to know one pair of plaintext-ciphertext to decode about 50% of the encrypted image content. For a few images with p > 0.1, the attacker can crack more than 80% of the image content by two pairs of plaintext and ciphertext.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61872303 and U1936113), the Science and Technology Innovation Talents Program of Sichuan Science and Technology Department (2018RZ0143) and the Key Project of Sichuan Science and Technology Innovation Pioneering Miaozi Project (19MZGC0163).

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  1. Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China

    Qu Lingfeng, He hongjie & Chen fan

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  1. Qu Lingfeng
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  2. He hongjie
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  3. Chen fan
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Correspondence to Chen fan.

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Lingfeng, Q., hongjie, H. & fan, C. Security analysis of multiple permutation encryption adopt in reversible data hiding. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 29451–29471 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09379-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09379-3

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