Abstract
Gamification and game-based learning have been established as powerful tools in education. Location-based games (geogames) have been established following mainly a ‘seek-and-find’ game-mechanic, challenging mechanics like simulations are rarely used. We describe an approach for creating an educational location-based game (geogame). The central design problem consists in integrating an ecological simulation into the location-based game flow. We show how to combine these two game mechanics by simplifying complex simulations while maintaining their validity. In an empirical study we evaluate our geogame with secondary school students (N = 329). Our quasi-experimental pre-post-test design focuses on the game-related enjoyment provided by a simplified simulation task within a geogame compared to a more complex desktop simulation and to a geogame without simulation. The results show that the players of the Geogame spend much less time on interacting with the simulation than on other tasks. Nevertheless, the simulation within the geogame contributes positively to the game playing experience. Player enjoyment is even found to be slightly higher in the simulation geogame than in the indoor simulation. A critical threshold of time for using simulations within location-based game mechanics is discussed and related design-pattern for geogames are presented to support educators and game developers in the co-design of challenging location-based games. This study contributes to locate ecological simulations in areas where they actually take place. Complex topics and competencies in education become “real” for players in an outdoor experience.
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Acknowledgments
This manuscript is an expanded and revised version of a paper presented at the VS-Games Conference 2017: “Geogames in education for sustainable development: Transferring a simulation game in outdoor settings”, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/VS-GAMES.2017.8056574
This study was conducted in association with the BioDiv2Go project: The project „BioDiv2Go - Biodiversität erleben mit ortsbezogenen Spielen (experiencing biodiversity by location-based games) “is cooperatively funded by BMUB – Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit (Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Saftey) / BfN – Bundesamt für Naturschutz (Federal Agency for Nature Conservation) and BMBF – Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research); FKZ:01LC1311A; www.finde-vielfalt.de / www.biodiv2go.de
The authors gratitude goes to the interdisciplinary team of the project BioDiv2Go for designing, revising and evaluating the Geogames. The authors also thank Klaus Stein and Clemens Klug, University Bamberg, for extracting and processing server data on the relative playing time.
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Schneider, J., Schaal, S. & Schlieder, C. Integrating simulation tasks into an outdoor location-based game flow. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 3359–3385 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07931-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07931-4