Abstract
With the development of high-performance visual sensors, it has been very easy to obtain a variety of image data. Of these image data, human face regions contain personal information to distinguish one from the others. Therefore, it is important to accurately detect unhidden face regions from an input image. This paper proposes a method of robustly detecting human face regions from an input color image with the use of a deep learning algorithm, one of the machine learning algorithms. The proposed method first transforms the RGB color model of an input image to the YCbCr color model, and then removes other regions than face regions to segment skin regions with the use of the pre-learned elliptical skin color distribution model. Subsequently, a CNN model-based deep learning algorithm was applied to robustly detect human face regions from the detected skin regions in the previous step. As a result, the proposed method segments face regions more efficiently than an existing method. The face region detection method proposed in this paper is expected to be usefully applied to practical areas related to multimedia data processing, such as video surveillance, target blocking, image security, visual data analysis, and object recognition and tracking.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Mohair HK, Saleh JM, Suandi SA (2015) Hybrid human skin detection using neural network and K-means clustering technique. Appl Soft Comput 33:337–347
Amina S, Mohamed FK (2018) An efficient and secure chaotic cipher algorithm for image content preservation. Comm Nonlinear Sci Numer Simulat 60:12–32
Andrews JL (2017) Addressing overfitting and Underfitting in Gaussian model-based clustering. Comput Stat Data Anal 127:60–171
Chae YN, Chung JN, Yang HS (2009) Efficient face detection using Adaboost and facial color. J Korean Instit Inform Sci Eng 36:548–558
Chakraborty BK, Bhuyan MK, Kumar S (2017) Combining image and global pixel distribution model for skin colour segmentation. Pattern Recogn Lett 88:33–40
Chifor BC, Bica I, Patriciu VV, Pop FA (2018) Security authorization scheme for smart home internet of things devices. Future Generat Comput Syst 86:740–749
Frank JA, Krishnamoorthy SP, Kapila V (2017) Toward Mobile mixed-reality interaction with multi-robot systems. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2(4):1901–1908
Hamuda E, Ginley BM, Glavin M, Jones E (2017) Automatic crop detection under field conditions using the HSV colour space and morphological operations. Comput Electron Agr 133:97–107
Hsu RL, Abdel-Mottaleb M, Jain AK (2002) Face detection in color images. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(5):696–706
Huang Q, Jia CK, Zhang X, Ye Y (2017) Learning discriminative subspace models for weakly supervised face detection. IEEE Trans Industr Inform 13:2956–2964
King DE (2015) Max-margin object detection. Proc. of the international conference on computer vision and pattern recognition 1–8
Kumari A, Tanwar S, Tyagi S, Kumar N, Choo KK (2018) Multimedia big data computing and internet of things applications: a taxonomy and process model. J Netw Comput Appl 124:169–195
Larsson M, Zhang Y, Kahl F (2018) Robust abdominal organ segmentation using regional convolutional neural networks. Appl Soft Comput 70:465–471
Le THN, Quach KG, Luu K, Duong CN, Savvides M (2018) Reformulating level sets as deep recurrent neural network approach to semantic segmentation. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(5):2393–2407
Lee KM (2008) Component-based face detection and verification. Pattern Recogn Lett 29:200–214
Li M, Wei J, Zheng X, Bolton ML (2017) A formal machine learning approach to generating human-machine interfaces from task models. IEEE Trans Human Mach Syst 47:822–833
Li J, Zhang T, Luo W, Yang J, Yuan XT, Zhang J (2017) Sparseness analysis in the Pretraining of deep neural networks. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 28:1425–1438
Lou S, Jiang X, Scott PJ (2012) Algorithms for morphological profile filters and their comparison. Precis Eng 36:414–423
Niu G, Chen Q (2018) Learning a video frame-based face detection system for security fields. J Vis Comm Image Represent 55:457–463
Paolillo A, Chappellet K, Bolotnikova A, Kheddar A (2018) Interlinked visual tracking and robotic manipulation of articulated objects. IEEE Robot Auto Lett 3(4):2746–2753
Parkhi OM, Vedaldi A, Zisserman A (2015) Deep face recognition. Proc. of the 26th British machine vision conference 1–12
Preishuber M, Hutter T, Katzenbeisser S, Uhl A (2018) Depreciating motivation and empirical security analysis of chaos-based image and video encryption. IEEE Trans Inform Forensics Sec 13(9):2137–2150
Ren L, Lu J, Feng J, Zhou J (2017) Multi-modal uniform deep learning for RGB-D person re-identification. Pattern Recogn 72:446–457
Saez JA, Luengo J, Herrera F (2016) Evaluating the classifier behavior with Noisy data considering performance and robustness: the equalized loss of accuracy measure. Neurocomputing 176:26–35
Shi C, Pun CM (2018) Multi-scale hierarchical recurrent neural networks for hyperspectral image classification. Neurocomputing 294(14):82–93
Silva HO, Bastos-Filho CJA (2018) Inter-domain routing for communication networks using hierarchical Hopfield neural networks. Eng Appl Artif Intell 70:84–198
Su R, Sun C, Zhang C, Pham TD (2014) A new method for linear feature and junction enhancement in 2D images based on morphological operation, oriented anisotropic Gaussian function and hessian information. Pattern Recogn 47(10):3193–3208
Tsai TH, Cheng WH, You CW, Hu MC, Tsui AW, Chi HY (2014) Learning and recognition of on-premise signs from weakly labeled street view images. IEEE Trans Image Process 23(3):1047–1059
Tusar T, Gantar K, Koblar V, Zenko B, Filipic B (2017) A study of overfitting in optimization of a manufacturing quality control procedure. Appl Soft Comput 59:77–87
Yang X, Wen Y, Yuan D, Zhang M, Zhao H, Meng Y (2018) 3D compression-oriented image content correlation model for wireless visual sensor networks. IEEE Sensor J 18(15):6461–6471
Yao L, Ge Z (2018) Deep learning of Semisupervised process data with hierarchical extreme learning machine and soft sensor application. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 65(2):1490–1498
Yu W, Sun X, Yang K, Rui Y, Yao H (2018) Hierarchical semantic image matching using CNN feature pyramid. Comput Vis Image Understand 169:40–51
Zhang C, Zhang Z (2014) Improving Multiview face detection with multi-task deep convolutional neural networks. Proc of the IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision: 1036–1041
Zhang S, McCullagh P, Zheng H, Nugent C (2017) Situation awareness inferred from posture transition and location: derived from smartphone and smart home sensors. IEEE Trans Human-Mach Syst 47(6):814–821
Zhang Y, Chandler DM, Mou X (2018) Quality assessment of screen content images via convolutional-neural-network-based synthetic natural segmentation. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(10):5113–5128
Zhang YD, Pan C, Sun J, Tang C (2018) Multiple sclerosis identification by convolutional neural network with dropout and parametric ReLU. J Comput Sci 28:1–10
Zhou W, Xu Z (2016) Asymmetric hesitant fuzzy sigmoid preference relations in the analytic hierarchy process. Inf Sci 358:191–207
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2019R1F1A1056475).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jang, SW., Ahn, B. Effective detection of exposed target regions based on deep learning from multimedia data. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 16609–16625 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07832-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07832-6