Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Carbonitriding in a Salt Bath by a QPQ Scheme on Stainless Steel 321 Microstructure and Service Properties

  • Published:
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Aims and scope

Wear resistance, corrosion properties and structure of reinforced layers deposited on steel AISI 321 with carbonitriding by the quench-polish-quench (QPQ) Tennifer® process with subsequent oxidation are studied. The structure of the layers is investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive local analysis and x-ray diffractometry. Steel wear resistance is determined by a pin-on disk test, and oxide layer adhesion is determined by a scratch method. Pitting corrosion resistance is determined by plotting cyclic polarization curves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. Haruman, Y. Sun, A. Triwiyanto, et al., “An investigation on low temperature thermochemical treatments of austenitic stainless steel in fluidized bed furnace,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21(3), 388 – 394 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. M. K. Lei, “Phase transformations in plasma source ion nitrided austenitic stainless steel at low temperature,” J. Mater. Sci., 34(24), 5975 – 5982 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. G. Li, Q. Peng, C. Li, et al., “Microstructure analysis of 304L austenitic stainless steel by QPQ complex salt bath treatment,” Mater. Charact., 59, 1359 – 1363 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Sueyoshi, K. Hamaishi, S. Kadomatsu, et al., “Effect of preheating in air on gas nitriding of SUS304 stainless steel,” Mater. Trans., 38(2), 148 – 154 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Wang, Y. Lin, H. Fan, et al., “Effects of temperature on microstructure and wear of salt bath nitrided 17-4PH stainless steel,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 21(8), 1708 – 1713 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Amiri and M. Moradshahi, “Influence of different layer microstructures induced by different gas compositions on corrosion behavior of plasma nitrided stainless steel,” Surf. Coat. Technol., 201, 7375 – 7381 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A. M. Kliauga, M. Pohl, and D. Klaffke, “A comparison of the friction and reciprocating wear behaviour between an austenitic (X2 CrNiMo 17 13 2) and a ferritic (X1 CrNiMoNb 28 4 2) stainless steel after nitrogen ion implantation,” Surf. Coat. Technol., 102, 237 – 244 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Marušiæ, H. Otmaèiæ, D. Landek, et al., “Modification of carbon steel surface by the Tennifer®process of nitrocarburizing and post-oxidation,” Surf. Coat. Technol., 201, 3415 – 3421 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. G. Pantazopoulos, P. Psyllaki, D. Kanakis, et al., “Tribological properties of a liquid nitrocarburised special purpose cold work tool steel,” Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, 5889 – 5895 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Q. Peng, T. H. Kim J. H. Chung and J. K. Park, “Development of nitride-layer of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel during high-temperature ammonia gas-nitriding,” Appl. Surf. Sci., 256, 7522 – 7529 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Xi, D. Liu, and D. Han, “Improvement of corrosion and wear resistances of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel using plasma nitriding at low temperature,” Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, 2577 – 2583 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J. W. Simmons, D. G. Atteridge, and J. C. Rawers, “Sensitization of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels by dichromium nitride precipitation, corrosion,” Corrosion, 50(7), 491 – 501 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. P. Jacquet, J. B. Coudert, and P. Lourdin, “How different steel grades react to a salt bath nitrocarburizing and post-oxidation process: Influence of alloying elements,” Surf. Coat. Technol., 205, 4064 – 4067 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. N. Krishnaraj, K. J. L. Iyer and S. Sundaresan, “Scuffing resistance of salt bath nitrocarburized medium carbon steel,” Wear, 210, 237 – 244 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. C. F. Yeung, K. H. Lau, H. Y. Li, and D. F. Luo, “Advanced QPQ complex salt bath heat treatment,” J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 66, 249 – 252 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Y. Yu, B. He, and J. Shi, “The effect of QPQ salt-bath nitriding on microstructure and wear resistance of 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel,” Adv. Mater. Res., 154 – 155, 57 – 60 (2011).

  17. T. Babul, N. Kucharieva, A. Nakonieczn, and J. Senatorski, “Structure and properties of nitrocarburized diffusion layers generated on high-speed steels,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 12(6), 696 – 700 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. C. E. Pinedo and W. A. Monteiro, “Surface hardening by plasma nitriding on high chromium alloy steel,” J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 20, 147 – 149 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. C. Blawert, B. L. Mordike, Y. Jiraskova, and O. Schneeweiss, “Structure and composition of expanded austenite produced by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation of stainless steels X6CrNiTi1810 and X2CrNiMoN2253,” Surf. Coat. Technol., 116 – 119, 189 – 198 (1999).

  20. I. Lee and K. H. Jeong, “Plasma post oxidation of plasma nitrocarburized SKD 61 steel,” J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 24(1), 136 – 138 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. B. A. Shedden, M. Samandi, and G. A. Collins, “Surface/interface analysis of a nitrogen implanted austenitic stainless steel,” Mater. Sci. Forum, 189 – 190, 435 – 440 (1995).

  22. J. F. Archard, “Contact and rubbing of flat surface,” J. Appl. Phys., 24, 981 – 988 (1953).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Alsaran, A. Çelik, C. Çelik, and I. Efeoglu, “Optimization of coating parameters for duplex treated AISI 5140 steel,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 371, 141 – 148 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. R. Sola, R. Giovanardi, P. Veronesi, and G. Poli, “Improvement of wear and corrosion resistance of ferrous alloys by postnitrocarburizing treatments,” Metall. Sci. Technol., 29(2), 14 – 24 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo Cetus. Polígono O Acevedo Parcela A, 15185, Cerceda, A Coruña, Spain

    L. Bellas

  2. Asociación de Investigación Metalúrgica del Noroeste (AIMEN), c/Relva 27a, 36410, Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain

    G. Castro & L. Mera

  3. Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ferrol. Universidade da Coruña, c/Mendizábal s/n., 15403, Ferrol, Spain

    J. L. Mier, A. García & A. Varela

Authors
  1. L. Bellas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. Castro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. L. Mera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. L. Mier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. García
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. A. Varela
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. L. Mier.

Additional information

Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 6, pp. 58 – 65, June, 2016.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bellas, L., Castro, G., Mera, L. et al. Effect of Carbonitriding in a Salt Bath by a QPQ Scheme on Stainless Steel 321 Microstructure and Service Properties. Met Sci Heat Treat 58, 369–375 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-016-0019-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-016-0019-3

Key words

Search

Navigation