Metallographic and microscopic x-ray spectrum analyses are used to study the special features of microstructure of pearlite-ferrite high-strength cast iron with globular graphite. It is shown that globular graphite has a polycrystalline structure and bears ferrite over boundaries of pyramidal crystals.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Performed with participation of A. I. Pokrovskii
References
A. I. Pokrovskii, A. S. Chaus, and E. B. Kunovskii, “Effect of the shape of graphite on acoustic characteristics of articles from cast and deformed iron,” Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 53(7 – 8), 311–317 (2011).
F. D. Gelin and A. S. Chaus, Metallic Materials [in Russian], Vysheishaya Shkola, Minsk (2007), 396 p.
G. V. Shcherbedinskii, “Iron: a promising material of the XXI century,” Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 47(7 – 8), 333–342 (2005).
A. M. Petrichenko and E. A. Sukhodol’skaya, Cast Iron: the Present and the Past [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1987), 104 p.
S. Jung, T. Ishikawa, and H. Nakae, “Critical conditions for formation of spheroidal graphite,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 476(1 – 2), 350–356 (2008).
G. Rivera, P. R. Calvillob, R. Boeria, et al., “Examination of the solidification macrostructure of spheroidal and flake graphite cast irons using DAAS and ESBD,” Mater. Chracteriz., 59, 1342–1348 (2008).
H. Nakae, S. Jung, and T. Kitazawa, “Eutectic solidification mode of spheroidal graphite cast iron and graphitization,” China Foundry, 4(1), 34–37 (2006).
G. Östberg, “Perspectives on research on the formation of nodular graphite in cast iron,” Mater. Design, 27(10), 1007–1015 (2006).
C. Loper and R. Gundlach, “Inoculation: what is it and how does inoculation work?” in: Proc. AFS Int. Inoculation Conf., April 1998, Rosemont, Illinois, USA (1998).
G. Lesoult, M. Castro, and J. Lacaze, “Solidification of spheroidal graphite cast iron-I. Physical modeling,” Acta Mater., 46(3), 983–995 (1998).
C. A. Van der Velde, “The solidification of ductile cast iron – a new approach,” in: AFS Special Report (1997).
D. D. Double and A. Hellawell, “The nucleation and growth of graphite: the modification of cast iron,” Acta Metall. Mater., 43(6), 2435–2442 (1995).
T. Skaland, O. Grong, and T. Grong, “A model for the graphite formation in ductile cast iron: Part 1. Inoculation mechanisms,” Metall. Trans. A, 24, Oct., 2321–2345 (1993).
J. Tartera, “Cast iron inoculation mechanisms,” AFS Int. Cast Metals J., 5(4), 7–14 (1980).
J. P. Sadocha and J. E. Gruzleski, “The mechanism of graphite spheroid formation in pure Fe – C – Si alloys,” in: Metallurgy of Cast Iron, Georgi Publ. Co., St. Saphorin, Switzerland (1974), pp. 443–456.
K. P. Bunin, Yu. N. Malinochka, and Yu. N. Taran, Fundamentals of the Metallography of Cast Iron [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1969), 415 p.
W. Oldfield, G. T. Geering, and W. A. Tiller, “Solidification of spheroidal and flake graphite cast iron,” in: The Solidification of Metals, Iron and Steel Inst., London (1968), pp. 256–262, 271–276.
J. D. Schöbel and C. B. Alcock, “Some considerations of the theory of the growth of graphite nodules in solidifying cast iron alloys,” Zeitschrift für Metallkunde (1966), 74–76.
H. Morrogh and W. J. Williams, “The production of nodular graphite structures in cast iron,” J. Iron Steel Inst., 158, 306–322 (1948).
T. Skaland, “Nucleation mechanisms in ductile iron,” in: Proc. AFS Cast Iron Inoculation Conf., Schaumburg, Illinois, Sept. 20 – 30 (2005), pp. 13 – 30 (http://www.elkem.no/dav/48f1b39297.pdf).
D. M. Stefanescu, “Solidification and modeling of cast iron – a short history of the defining moments,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 413 – 414, 322–333 (2005).
R. Ruxanda, L. Beltran-Sanchez, J. Massone, and D. M. Stefanescu, “On the eutectic solidification of spheroidal graphite iron. An experimental and mathematical modeling approach,” AFS Trans., 109, 1–12 (2001).
Yu. N. Taran and A. V. Chernova, “Cast iron with globular graphite,” Metal Lit’e Ukrainy, No. 6, 4–14 (1996).
I. G. Neizhko, “About the theories of formation of globular graphite,” in: Crystallization, Structure Formation and Properties of Inoculated Iron [in Russian], IPL AN UkrSSR, Kiev (1982), pp. 3–14.
I. Minkoff, “Factors affecting growth of spheroidal graphite,” AFS Trans., 70, 18–24 (1962).
M. F. De Campos, L. C. Rolim Lopes, P. Magina, et al., “Texture and microtexture studies in different types of cast irons,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 398(1 – 2), 164–170 (2005).
X. Zhao, T. F. Jing, Y. W. Gao, et al., “Morphology of graphite in hot-compressed nodular iron,” J. Mater. Sci., 39, 6093–6096 (2004).
J. Hidalgo, “Improving the fracture toughness of dual-phase austempered ductile iron,” in: Master’s Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg (2008), 71 p.
N. Llorka-Isern, J. Tartera, M. Espanol, et al., “Internal features of graphite in cast irons. Confocal microscopy: useful tool for graphite growth imaging,” Micron, 33, 357–364 (2002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 4, pp. 9 – 14, April, 2013.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chaus, A.S., Sojka, J. & Chaplovich, L. Special features of the internal structure of globular graphite in high-strength cast iron. Met Sci Heat Treat 55, 175–180 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-013-9601-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-013-9601-0