Skip to main content
Log in

Multirole UAVs Supported Parking Surveillance System

  • Published:
Mobile Networks and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The paper deals with the possible application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in recognizing irregular traffic situations. This primarily refers to improperly parked vehicles. Fleets of drones are used, and their roles can be observers or inspectors, where each of the roles has specially defined tasks. A case study was conducted in a real urban environment. Traveling salesman problem and Vehicle Routing Problem algorithms were used to determine drone trajectories. The study assumes difficulties in collecting a sufficient number of images for successful training of Convolutional Neural Network, so a synthesized training set was used. This process assumes the use of object detection algorithms. Accuracy was tested on a small test set of real-life images. It has been shown that by moving some of the real-life images from the test set to the training set, the accuracy can be increased. In addition, the paper describes the architecture of the Smart UAV Monitoring System for Parking Supervision (SmartUAV-PS), and tests its functioning in real conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rothstein A (2015) Drone. Bloomsbury Publishing USA

  2. Granshaw SI (2018) RPV, UAV, UAS, RPAS… or just drone? The Photogrammetric Record 33:160–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Austin R (2011) Unmanned aircraft systems: UAVS design, development and deployment. John Wiley & Sons

  4. Akbari Y, Almaadeed N, Al-maadeed S, Elharrouss O (2021) Applications, databases and open computer vision research from drone videos and images: a survey. Artif Intell Rev 54:3887–3938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Elharrouss O, Almaadeed N, Al-Maadeed S(2021) : A review of video surveillance systems.Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation.103116

  6. Chapel M-N, Bouwmans T (2020) Moving objects detection with a moving camera: A comprehensive review. Comput Sci Rev 38:100310

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Sharma V, Mir RN (2020) A comprehensive and systematic look up into deep learning based object detection techniques: A review. Comput Sci Rev 38:100301

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Khanday NY, Sofi SA (2021) Taxonomy, state-of-the-art, challenges and applications of visual understanding: A review. Comput Sci Rev 40:100374

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Yuske T, Mbaitiga Z (2019) : Development of drone detecting free parking space for car parking guidance. Presented at the 2019 International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS)

  10. Varghese A, Sreelekha G (2019) An efficient algorithm for detection of vacant spaces in delimited and non-delimited parking lots. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 21:4052–4062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Baroffio L, Bondi L, Cesana M, Redondi AE, Tagliasacchi M(2015) : A visual sensor network for parking lot occupancy detection in smart cities. Presented at the 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)

  12. Gkolias K, Vlahogianni EI (2018) Convolutional neural networks for on-street parking space detection in urban networks. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 20:4318–4327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bravo C, Sánchez N, García N, Menéndez JM (2013) : Outdoor vacant parking space detector for improving mobility in smart cities. Presented at the Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence

  14. Ahrnbom M, Astrom K, Nilsson M (2016) : Fast classification of empty and occupied parking spaces using integral channel features. Presented at the Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops

  15. Amato G, Carrara F, Falchi F, Gennaro C, Meghini C, Vairo C (2017) Deep learning for decentralized parking lot occupancy detection. Expert Syst Appl 72:327–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Peng C-F, Hsieh J-W, Leu S-W, Chuang C-H (2018) : Drone-based vacant parking space detection. Presented at the 2018 32nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA)

  17. Jausevac G, Dobrilovic D, Brtka V, Jotanovic G, Perakovic D, Stojanov Z (2021) : Smart UAV Monitoring System for Parking Supervision. Presented at the International Conference on Future Access Enablers of Ubiquitous and Intelligent Infrastructures

  18. Grad Doboj : Odjeljenje za poslove komunalne policije, https://doboj.gov.ba/bs/grad/uprava/odjeljenja/odjeljenje-za-poslove-komunalne-policije/, last accessed 2020/12/05

  19. Cook W (2012) In Pursuit of the Traveling Salesman: Mathematics at the Limits of Computation. Princeton University Press

  20. Dantzig GB, Ramser JH (1959) The truck dispatching problem. Manage Sci 6:80–91

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Clarke G, Wright JW (1964) Scheduling of vehicles from a central depot to a number of delivery points. Oper Res 12:568–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Toth P(2002) : The Vehicle Routing Problem. SIAM

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Goran Jausevac.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

“This paper is an extended version of my previously published scientific work with the title: “Smart UAV Monitoring system for Parking Supervision” on the conference EAI FABULOUS 2021.“

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jausevac, G., Dobrilovic, D., Brtka, V. et al. Multirole UAVs Supported Parking Surveillance System. Mobile Netw Appl (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-022-02045-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-022-02045-y

Keywords

Navigation