Abstract
Using mobile chargers in wireless rechargeable sensor networks is an option for charging all the nodes in the network. In order to achieve some performance requirement such as coverage, it is necessary to effectively schedule the mobile chargers to serve every node of the network. We notice that nearly all previous works on mobile charger scheduling assume that mobile chargers move along predetermined paths which are computed based on perfect priori information. In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling mobile chargers in an on-demand way to maximize the covering utility. On receiving re-charging requests from the nodes, the mobile charger decides how to move itself. The covering utility is defined to quantify the effectiveness of event monitoring. We formulate the scheduling problem as an optimization one. We propose three heuristics for this problem after proving its NP-Completeness. We further generalize our solutions to accommodate the multiple mobile chargers case. Finally we evaluate our solutions through extensive simulations.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.





References
Kurs A, Karalis A, Moffatt R, Joannopoulos J, Fisher P, Soljacic M (2007) Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances. Sci 317(5834):83–86
Fu L, Cheng P, Gu Y, Chen J, He T (2013) Minimizing Charging Delay in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM
Jiang F, He S, Cheng P, Chen J (2011) On optimal scheduling in wireless rechargeable sensor networks for stochastic event capture. In: Proceedings IEEE MASS
Shi Y, Xie L, Hou YT, Sherali HD (2011) On renewable sensor networks with wireless energy transfer. In: INFOCOM
Zhao M, Li J, Yang Y (2011) Joint mobile energy replenishment and data gathering in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. In: ITC
PowerCast.[Online].Available:. www.powercasto.com
Marios C, Nikoletseas S, Raptis TP, Raptopoulos C, Vasilakis F (2012) Efficient energy management in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. In: Proceedings ACM MSWiM
Jiang L, Dai H, Wu X, Chen G (2013) On-demand mobile charger scheduling for effective coverage in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. In: MobiQuitous
Halgamuge MN, Zukerman M, Ramamobanarao K, Vu HL (2009) An estimation of sensor energy consumption. In: PIER
Heinzelman WR, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H (Oct. 2002) An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Tran Wirel Comm 1(4):660–670
He L, Yang Z, Pan J, Cai L, Xu J (2012) Evaluating service disciplines for mobile elements in wireless ad hoc sensor networks. In: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM’12
He L, Yang Z, Pan J, Xu J (2010) Evaluating on-demand data collection with mobile elements in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings IEEE VTC
Grimmett G, Stirzaker D (July 2010) Probability and random processes, 3rd. Oxford University Press
Kan B, Cai L, Zhao L (2008) An accurate energy model for wsn node and its optimal design. In: Journal of IEEE, System Engineering and Electronics
Kan B, Cai L, Zhao L, Xu Y (2007) Energy efficient design of wsn based on an accurate power consumption model. In: Proceedings IEEE WiCom
Rappaport TS (1996) Wireless communications: principles and practice. Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Wang B, Xie D, Chen C, Ma J, Cheng S (2008) Deploying multiple mobile sinks in event-driven WSNs.In: Proceedings IEEE ICC
Curiac D, Volosencu C, Pescaru D, Jurca L, Doboli A (April 2009) 2009. Redundancy and its applications in wireless sensor networks: a survey. W Trans Comp 8(4):705–714
Alfieri A, Bianco A, Brandimarte P, Chiasserini C-F (2004) Exploiting sensor spatial redundancy to improve network lifetime. In: Proceedings IEEE GlobeCom’04
Cheng B, Xu Z, Chen C, Guan X Spatial correlated data collection in wireless sensor networks with multiple sinks, computer communications workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), 2011 IEEE Conference on, vol., no., pp.578,583. 10-15 April 2011
Zoltan V, Rolland V, Attila V Deploying multiple sinks in multi-hop wireless sensor networks, Pervasive Services,IEEE International Conference on, vol., no., pp.55. 15-20 July 2007
Oyman EI, Ersoy C Multiple sink network design problem in large scale wireless sensor networks, Communications, 2004 IEEE International Conference on, vol.6, no., pp.3663,3667, vol 6. 20-24 June 2004
Shah-Mansouri V, Wong VWS (2007) Bounds for lifetime maximization with multiple sinks in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings IEEE PACRIM
Wang C, Yang Y, Li J (2013) Stochastic mobile energy replenishment and adaptive sensor activation for perpetual wireless rechargeable sensor networks. In: Proceedings IEEE WCNC
Maxwell.[Online].Available:. www.maxwell.com/ultracapacitors/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work is supported by China 973 Projects (No. 2012CB316201, No. 2014CB340303), NSFC Grants (No. 61321491, No. 61373130) and NSF of Jiangsu Province Grant (No. BK20141319).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, L., Wu, X., Chen, G. et al. Effective On-Demand Mobile Charger Scheduling for Maximizing Coverage in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks. Mobile Netw Appl 19, 543–551 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-014-0522-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-014-0522-y