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Timing-Based Mobile Sensor Localization in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

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Abstract

In this paper, localization problem in wireless sensor and actor networks (WSAN) is addressed. In WSAN, the performance of event detection and tracking highly depends on the exact location information of the events that must be reported along with the event features. Having precise location information of the sensor nodes, actors are able to execute actions more effectively in the region of detected events. In this context, the accurate localization of sensor nodes is essential with respect to the actors. Particularly, the problem becomes much more complicated when the sensor nodes as well as the anchor nodes (actors) are mobile. In order to localize the mobile sensor nodes relative to the actors, a novel Timing-based Mobile Sensor Localization (TMSL) algorithm is introduced. In TMSL, sensor nodes determine their distance from actors by using propagation time and speed of RF signal. In order to determine distance from the actors, actors actively broadcast reference beacons in a pattern of intervals adaptively defined according to the mobility of sensor nodes and the required level of localization accuracy. These reference beacons carry the interval numbers in which they were transmitted. The interval numbers are then used by the sensor nodes to calculate the start time of the beacons locally which is then used to determine the propagation time. TMSL does neither require nor assume any time synchronization among the sensor nodes or with the actors. Performance evaluations clearly show that TMSL is adaptive to velocity of mobile sensor and actor nodes and can be configured according to the required localization accuracy in order to avoid overhead raised due to high velocity.

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Notes

  1. However, if the network is WSN instead of WSAN, then minimum of three sinks or sensors with the similar capabilities of these actor nodes, would function as anchors.

  2. Time period during which the nodes are localized and is divided into fixed number of intervals, which are numbered to compute propagation time. If nodes continuously keep moving then the maximum interval number limit can be reached. In such case, τ is reinitialized to restart interval numbering.

  3. An interval is a time period during which each actor transmits a beacon.

  4. Localization starting time or the time at which first interval starts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Ghalib A. Shah

  2. Next-generation Wireless Communications Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

    Ozgur B. Akan

Authors
  1. Ghalib A. Shah
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  2. Ozgur B. Akan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ozgur B. Akan.

Additional information

This work was supported in part by the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council Career Award under grant #104E043 and by the Turkish National Academy of Sciences Distinguished Young Scientist Award Program (TUBA-GEBIP).

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Shah, G.A., Akan, O.B. Timing-Based Mobile Sensor Localization in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks . Mobile Netw Appl 15, 664–679 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-010-0231-0

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