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Biochemical and molecular evaluation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in fruit fly exposed to carmoisine

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Abstract

Background

In today’s world, appearance is an important factor in almost all areas of our lives. Therefore, it has become common to use dyes to color foods to make them look appetizing and visually appealing. However, food additives have negative effects on biochemical processes in cells at both high and low doses.

Methods and results

This study investigated the effect of carmoisine, a commonly used food coloring, on oxidative stress and damage parameters in Drosophila melanogaster in terms of both enzymatic and gene expression. The change in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), a marker of oxidative stress, was also examined. When the data obtained were analyzed, it was observed that carmoisine caused a significant decrease in GSH levels depending on the increase in dose. SOD, CAT, GPx, and AChE enzyme activities and gene expression levels were also found to be significantly decreased. All groups also showed a significant decrease in mtDNA-CN. The effect of carmoisine on Drosophila melanogaster morphology was also investigated in our study. However, no significant change was observed in terms of morphological development in any group.

Conclusions

When all the findings were evaluated together, it was observed that carmoisin triggered oxidative stress and these effects became more risky at high doses. Therefore, we believe that the consumer should be made more aware of the side effects of azo dyes in food and that the type and concentration of each substance added to food should be specified.

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Data availability

The datasets of this research are available from the corresponding author on reasoning request.

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye, 25240, Turkey

    Emine Toraman

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  1. Emine Toraman
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Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ET. Performed the experiments: ET. Analyzed the data: ET. Contributing reagents/materials/analysis tools: ET. Wrote the paper: ET.

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Correspondence to Emine Toraman.

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Toraman, E. Biochemical and molecular evaluation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in fruit fly exposed to carmoisine. Mol Biol Rep 51, 685 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09616-0

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