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Assessing the gene expression of the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its relation with the IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients

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Abstract

Background

Metabolic dysregulation and excessive inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of the highly infectious disease of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by a newly emerging coronavirus (i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2). The adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor regulating the metabolic pathways in diverse cells, exerts a regulatory role in the immune system. This study aims to examine the mRNA expression level of AMPK and the plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 cytokines in patients with different grades of COVID-19.

Methods

Peripheral blood was collected from 60 patients with COVID-19 (Moderate, severe, and critical). The plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA expression level of AMPK was determined using real-time PCR.

Results

The results showed that the plasma levels of IL-6 increased significantly in critical and severe patients compared to moderate cases of COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Moreover, IL-10 plasma concentrations were significantly higher in critical and severe cases than in moderate cases of COVID-19 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Also, the gene expression of AMPK was meaningfully enhanced in critical patients relative to moderate and severe cases of COVID-19, in order (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). There was a positive association between AMPK gene expression and plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 (P = 0.006, r = 0.348, P = 0.028, r = 0.283, respectively).

Conclusion

Increasing AMPK gene expression is likely a necessary effort of the immune system to inhibit inflammation in critical COVID-19. However, this effort seems to be inadequate, probably due to factors that induce inflammation, like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and IL-6.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

AMPK:

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase

COVID-19:

Coronavirus disease 2019

SARS-CoV-2:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2

IL-10:

Interleukin-10

CRS:

Cytokine release syndrome

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

ESR:

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all patients who generously participated in this study. Also, the authors acknowledge the Deputy of Research and Technology of the KUMS, Kermanshah, Iran for financial support of the current study.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the deputy of research and technology of the Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran [Grant Number: 4000648].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Shirin Assar, Seyed Askar Roghani, Zahra Abdan, Hosna Allahyari & Rezvan Rostampour

  2. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Mohammad Dastbaz, Seyed Askar Roghani, Mahdi Taghadosi & Seyedeh Zahra Shahrokhvand

  3. Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Komail Amini, Seyed Askar Roghani & Rezvan Rostampour

  4. Clinical Research Development Center, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Ramin Lotfi

  5. Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, 6617713446, Iran

    Ramin Lotfi

  6. Medical Department, Orchid Pharmed Company, Tehran, Iran

    Hamidreza Kafi

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Correspondence to Seyed Askar Roghani or Ramin Lotfi.

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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran (Ethical code: IR.KUMS.MED.REC.1400.058).

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Assar, S., Dastbaz, M., Amini, K. et al. Assessing the gene expression of the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its relation with the IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients. Mol Biol Rep 50, 9925–9933 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08835-1

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