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Tissue heterogeneity of mitochondrial activity, biogenesis and mitochondrial protein gene expression in buffalo

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Abstract

Background

Cellular metabolism is most invariant process, occurring in all living organisms, which involves mitochondrial proteins from both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, protein-coding genes (mtPCGs) expression, and activity vary between various tissues to fulfill specific energy demands across the tissues.

Methods and Results

In present study, we investigated the OXPHOS complexes and citrate synthase activity in isolated mitochondria from various tissues of freshly slaughtered buffaloes (n = 3). Further, the evaluation of tissue-specific diversity based on the quantification of mtDNA copy numbers was performed and also comprised an expression study of 13 mtPCGs. We found that the functional activity of individual OXPHOS complex I was significantly higher in the liver compared to muscle and brain. Additionally, OXPHOS complex III and V activities was observed significantly higher levels in liver compared to heart, ovary, and brain. Similarly, CS-specific activity differs between tissues, with the ovary, kidney, and liver having significantly greater. Furthermore, we revealed the mtDNA copy number was strictly tissue-specific, with muscle and brain tissues exhibiting the highest levels. Among 13 PCGs expression analyses, mRNA abundances in all genes were differentially expressed among the different tissue.

Conclusions

Overall, our results indicate the existence of a tissue-specific variation in mitochondrial activity, bioenergetics, and mtPCGs expression among various types of buffalo tissues. This study serves as a critical first stage in gathering vital comparable data about the physiological function of mitochondria in energy metabolism in distinct tissues, laying the groundwork for future mitochondrial based diagnosis and research.

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Data availability

Data generated from the study is presented in the Manuscript. Further details are presented in Additional files. Information not included would be shared by the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

mtDNA:

Mitochondrial DNA

mtPCGs:

Mitochondrial protein-coding genes

OXPHOS:

Oxidative phosphorylation

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

AT:

Adipose tissue

MRC:

Mitochondrial respiratory chain

CS:

Citrate synthase

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for funding this work. The authors would like to thank, Director, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, for providing the necessary facilities for conducting this research.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR–National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    E. M. Sadeesh, Nancy Singla, Madhuri S. Lahamge, Sweta Kumari, A. N. Ampadi & M. Anuj

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  1. E. M. Sadeesh
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Contributions

SEM conceived this project and designed the experiments; SEM and NS carried out the experiments, completed data analysis and drafted the manuscript with MLS; SK, AAN and AM helped in the preparation of figures; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to E. M. Sadeesh.

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Sadeesh, E.M., Singla, N., Lahamge, M.S. et al. Tissue heterogeneity of mitochondrial activity, biogenesis and mitochondrial protein gene expression in buffalo. Mol Biol Rep 50, 5255–5266 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08416-2

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