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LncRNAs in neuropsychiatric disorders and computational insights for their prediction

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Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are 200 nucleotide extended transcripts that do not encode proteins or possess limited coding ability. LncRNAs epigenetically control several biological functions such as gene regulation, transcription, mRNA splicing, protein interaction, and genomic imprinting. Over the years, drastic progress in understanding the role of lncRNAs in diverse biological processes has been made. LncRNAs are reported to show tissue-specific expression patterns suggesting their potential as novel candidate biomarkers for diseases. Among all other non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs are highly expressed within the brain-enriched or brain-specific regions of the neural tissues. They are abundantly expressed in the neocortex and pre-mature frontal regions of the brain. LncRNAs are co-expressed with the protein-coding genes and have a significant role in the evolution of functions of the brain. Any deregulation in the lncRNAs contributes to disruptions in normal brain functions resulting in multiple neurological disorders. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disease, autism spectrum disorders, and anxiety are associated with the abnormal expression and regulation of lncRNAs. This review aims to highlight the understanding of lncRNAs concerning normal brain functions and their deregulation associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. We have also provided a survey on the available computational tools for the prediction of lncRNAs, their protein coding potentials, and sub-cellular locations, along with a section on existing online databases with known lncRNAs, and their interactions with other molecules.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Pankaj Barah would like to acknowledge Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India for providing the Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship grant.

Funding

This work was supported by Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship grant. Author P.B. has received the research support from Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, 784028, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam, India

    Cinmoyee Baruah, Prangan Nath & Pankaj Barah

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All authors contributed to the review article. Pankaj Barah conceptualized the article content. Cinmoyee Baruah prepared the first draft of the manuscript and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. Cinmoyee Baruah and Prangan Nath contributed to the computational part of the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pankaj Barah.

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Baruah, C., Nath, P. & Barah, P. LncRNAs in neuropsychiatric disorders and computational insights for their prediction. Mol Biol Rep 49, 11515–11534 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07819-x

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