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PheGRF4e initiated auxin signaling during moso bamboo shoot development

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Abstract

Background

As a ubiquitous acid-regulating protein family in eukaryotes, general regulatory factors (GRFs) are active in various life activities of plants. However, detailed investigations of the GRFs gene family in moso bamboo are scarce.

Methods and results

Genome-wide characteristics of the GRF gene family in moso bamboo were analyzed using the moso bamboo genome. GRF phylogeny, gene structure, conserved domains, cis-element promoters, and gene expression were systematically analyzed. A total of 20 GRF gene family members were identified in the moso bamboo genome. These genes were divided into ε and non-ε groups. qRT-PCR (real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) showed that PheGRF genes responded to auxin and gibberellin treatment. To further study PheGRF gene functions, a yeast two-hybrid experiment was performed and verified by a bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiment. The results showed that PheGRF4e could interact with PheIAA30 (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid, an Aux/IAA family gene), and both were found to act mainly on the root tip meristem and vascular bundle cells of developing shoots by in situ hybridization assay.

Conclusions

This study revealed that PheGRF genes were involved in hormone response during moso bamboo shoot development, and the possible regulatory functions of PheGRF genes were enriched by the fact that PheGRF4e initiated auxin signaling by binding to PheIAA30.

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Data availability

All of the data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Zhihua Cao of the Anhui Provincial Academy of Forestry for supplying moso bamboo samples, and Zaijun Gu, the village director of Lucun village, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province, China, for assisting in the collection of moso bamboo samples.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2021YFD2200505) and the Basic Operating Expenses Discipline Development Project (Grant Nos. 1632020005 and 1632021017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China

    Miaomiao Cai, Wenlong Cheng, Yucong Bai, Changhong Mu, Huifang Zheng, Zhanchao Cheng & Jian Gao

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  1. Miaomiao Cai
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  2. Wenlong Cheng
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  3. Yucong Bai
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  4. Changhong Mu
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  5. Huifang Zheng
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Contributions

MC and JG designed the research. YB, CM, WC, and HZ performed all of the experiments and analyzed data. MC wrote the original manuscript. ZC and JG proofread the manuscript. All of the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jian Gao.

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Cai, M., Cheng, W., Bai, Y. et al. PheGRF4e initiated auxin signaling during moso bamboo shoot development. Mol Biol Rep 49, 8815–8825 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07731-4

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