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Trehalose: a promising osmo-protectant against salinity stress—physiological and molecular mechanisms and future prospective

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Abstract

Salt stress is one of the leading threats to crop growth and productivity across the globe. Salt stress induces serious alterations in plant physiological, metabolic, biochemical functioning and it also disturbs antioxidant activities, cellular membranes, photosynthetic performance, nutrient uptake and plant water uptake and resulting in a significant reduction in growth and production. The application of osmoprotectants is considered as an important strategy to induce salt tolerance in plants. Trehalose (Tre) has emerged an excellent osmolyte to induce salinity tolerance and it got considerable attention in recent times. Under salinity stress, Tre helps to maintain the membrane integrity, and improves plant water relations, nutrient uptake and reduces the electrolyte leakage and lipid per-oxidation. Tre also improves gas exchange characteristics, protects the photosynthetic apparatus from salinity induced oxidative damages and brings ultra-structure changes in the plant body to induce salinity tolerance. Moreover, Tre also improves antioxidant activities and expression of stress responsive proteins and genes and confers salt tolerance in plants. Additionally, Tre is also involved in signaling association with signaling molecules and phytohormones and resultantly improved the plant performance under salt stress. Thus, it is interesting to understand the role of Tre in mediating the salinity tolerance in plants. Therefore, in this review we have summarized the different physiological and molecular roles of Tre to induce salt tolerance in plants. Moreover, we have also provided the information on Tre cross-talk with various osmolytes and hormones, and its role in stress responsive genes and antioxidant activities. Lastly, we also shed light on research gaps that need to be addressed in future studies. Therefore, this review will help the scientists to learn more about the Tre in changing climate conditions and it will also provide new insights to insights that could be used to develop salinity tolerance in plants.

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Abbreviations

SS:

Salinity stress

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

Na+ :

Sodium

K+ :

Potassium

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

Tre:

Trehalose

Cl-:

Chloride

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

RWC:

Relative water contents

PS-II:

Photo system-II

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

GXP:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

POD:

Peroxides

CAT:

Catalase

ABA:

Abscisic acid

GA:

Gibberellic acid

JA:

Jasmonic acid

SA:

Salicylic acid

EL:

Electrolyte leakage

LOX:

Lipoxygenases

MG:

Methylglyoxal

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Dr. Muhammad Aamer for proof reading of paper and valuable suggestions to improve quality of work. The authors also extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University for supporting this work through research groups program under Grant Number R.G.P. 2/17/43.

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  1. Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad Umair Hassan and Adnan Noor Shah have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Nawaz & Adnan Noor Shah

  2. Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

    Muhammad Umair Hassan

  3. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Umer Chattha & Athar Mahmood

  4. College of Science, Department of Biology, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Hashem & Saad Alamri

  5. Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt

    Mohamed Hashem

  6. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Maria Batool

  7. College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China

    Adnan Rasheed

  8. Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia

    Maryam A. Thabit

  9. Biology Department, Collage of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia

    Haifa A. S. Alhaithloul

  10. Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia

    Sameer H. Qari

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  1. Muhammad Nawaz
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Contributions

Conceptualization: MN, MUH and ANS; writing-original draft preparation: MN, MUH and ANS; writing-review: MUC, AM, MH, SA, MB, AR, MAT, HASA and SHQ. Figures prepare: MB and AR.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Umair Hassan or Adnan Noor Shah.

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Nawaz, M., Hassan, M.U., Chattha, M.U. et al. Trehalose: a promising osmo-protectant against salinity stress—physiological and molecular mechanisms and future prospective. Mol Biol Rep 49, 11255–11271 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07681-x

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