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Gene rearrangement in the mitogenome of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodinae) along with their phylogeny and characterization of complete mitogenome of Aleurodicus rugioperculatus

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Abstract

Background

Mitochondrial genome rearrangements have been used for defining evolutionary relationships, but there have been incidences of convergences at different taxonomic levels. To gain new insights into whitefly mitogenome evolution, gene arrangement and phylogeny, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of Aleurodicus rugioperculatus (Aleyrodidae: Aleurodicinae) and conducted a comparative analysis with the previously published mitogenomes across the family Aleyrodidae.

Methods and Results

The complete mitogenome of Aleurodicus rugioperculatus was generated by Next generation sequencing method. It is 15,060 bp circular molecule with 86.5 A + T and 5.5% G + C content. It contains 37 genes (13 PCGs, two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs) and a non-coding control region (CR). Comparative analysis of codon usage indicated that the subfamily Aleyrodinae have weaker bias than Aleurodicinae. Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analyses yielded similar topologies supporting the monophyly of Aleyrodinae and Aleurodicinae. The gene order of 13 whiteflies was compared with ancestor to examine the plesiomorphies, synapomorphies and autapomorphies. We identified five gene blocks (I-V) in the whitefly ancestor that are shared plesiomorphies retained in different whitefly lineages. Gene block I is conserved in all whiteflies except three species. Conversely, we detected 83 derived gene boundaries within the family. Mapping these gene boundaries onto a phylogenetic tree revealed that 16 were symplesiomorphies for two subfamilies; 9 were synapomorphies between the species, and 28 autapomorphies for individual species.

Conclusions

Comparative analyses of gene order of whiteflies revealed the derived gene boundaries which can be further investigated with more mitogenome data to examine the genome evolution in whiteflies.

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Data Availability

Annotated mitogenome assemblies of Aleurodicus rugioperculatus are deposited in NCBI GenBank under the following accession number MW649000.

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Acknowledgements

KT, VK and AP are thankful to the Director, Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Govt. of India for providing necessary permissions and facilities. This work was financially supported by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) in-house project, ‘National Faunal Genome Resources (NFGR)’. We are thankful to Prof. Stephan L. Cameron, College of Agriculture, Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States for his quick help in language editing of the manuscript.

Funding

acquisition: Vikas Kumar;

Investigation: Kaomud Tyagi, Vikas Kumar;

Methodology: Kaomud Tyagi, Vikas Kumar,

Project administration: Vikas Kumar;

Resources: Vikas Kumar;

Software: Kaomud Tyagi, Vikas Kumar,

Supervision: Vikas Kumar, Kaomud Tyagi, Dhriti Banerjee;

Validation: Vikas Kumar, Kaomud Tyagi;

Visualization: Vikas Kumar, Kaomud Tyagi;

Writing: Avas Pakrashi, Kaomud Tyagi, Vikas Kumar, C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy, Dhriti Banerjee.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, 700053, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Vikas Kumar, Avas Pakrashi, Dhriti Banerjee & Kaomud Tyagi

  2. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, UAHS, Shivamogga- 577 204, Karnataka, Shivamogga, India

    C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy

Authors
  1. Vikas Kumar
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  2. Avas Pakrashi
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  3. C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy
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  4. Dhriti Banerjee
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  5. Kaomud Tyagi
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Kaomud Tyagi, Vikas Kumar;

Specimen Collection: C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy.

Data curation: Avas Pakrashi, Kaomud Tyagi,

Formal analysis: Avas Pakrashi, Kaomud Tyagi;

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kaomud Tyagi.

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There is no specific permission required to collect the whitefly specimens. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Kumar, V., Pakrashi, A., Kalleshwaraswamy, C.M. et al. Gene rearrangement in the mitogenome of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodinae) along with their phylogeny and characterization of complete mitogenome of Aleurodicus rugioperculatus. Mol Biol Rep 49, 4399–4409 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07275-7

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