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The effects of glipizide on DNA damage and nuclear transport in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes

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Abstract

Background

Despite commonly use for treatment of type II diabetes, possible effects of glipizide on nuclear transport and DNA damage in cells are unknown. Since clinical response of glipizide may change with aging, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of glipizide by comparing mature and senescent adipocytes.

Methods and results

The effects of glipizide were investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Effective and lethal doses were determined by real-time monitoring iCELLigence system. Comet assay was performed to determine DNA damage and quantitative PCR was conducted to detect gene expression levels. RAN expressions were found to be up regulated in mature 180 µM glipizide treated adipocytes compared to control group (p < 0.05); whereas down regulated in senescent 180 µM glipizide treated adipocytes compared to their control adipocytes (p < 0.05). Olive Tail Moment values were significantly higher in mature 180 µM glipizide treated adipocytes (MTG) and senescent 180 µM glipizide treated adipocytes (STG) comparing their untreated controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). Also class 5 comets that shows severe DNA damage were found to be higher in both MTG and STG groups than their controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). OTM values were higher in STG than MTG (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This is the first study that reports glipizide caused DNA damage increasing with senescence in adipocytes. As a response to glipizide treatment Ran gene expression increased in mature; and decreased in senescent adipocytes. Further studies are needed to reveal the effect of glipizide on DNA and nuclear interactions in molecular level.

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Data availability

The data used to support the findings of the present study were included within the article.

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Acknowledgements

This project was supported by the Marmara University Scientifical Research Projects Commission (Project Number: FEN-C-YLP-100616-0281).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Mehtap Cevik, Selen Caker & Belgin Susleyici

  2. Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beykoz University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Gokce Deliorman

  3. Department of Medical Services and Technics, Vocational School of Health Service, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

    Penbe Cagatay

  4. Training and Research Center, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey

    Meliha Koldemir Gunduz

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  1. Mehtap Cevik
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Contributions

Conceptualization: MC, SC, MKG and BS. Methodology: MC, SC, MKG and BS. Formal analysis and investigation: MC, GD, PC, SC and BS. Writing-original draft preparation: MC, SC and BS. Writing-review and editing: BS. Funding acquisition: BS. Supervision: BS.

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Correspondence to Belgin Susleyici.

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Cevik, M., Caker, S., Deliorman, G. et al. The effects of glipizide on DNA damage and nuclear transport in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Biol Rep 49, 1151–1159 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06942-5

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