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Modifications of gene expression detected in peripheral blood after brain ischemia treated with remote postconditioning

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Abstract

Background

A stroke is an acute damage to a certain area of a nerve tissue of the brain. In developed countries, it ranks second among the most often causes of death and is also the leading cause of disability. Recent findings emphasize the significant neuroprotective effect of conditioning on the course and rate of recovery after ischemic attack; however the molecular mechanism of ischemic tolerance induced by conditioning is still not completely explored.

Methods and results

The purpose of this study is an identification of changes in gene expression induced by stimulation of reaction cascades after activation of the neuroprotective mechanism using an experimental rat model of global ischemia. The induction of neuroprotective cascades was stimulated by the application of early and delayed form of remote ischemic postconditioning. The quantitative qRT-PCR method was used to assess the rate of change in ADM, BDNF, CDKN1A, CREB, GADD45G, IL6, nNOS, and TM4SF1 gene expression levels 72 h after ischemic attack. The detected results confirm the neuroprotective effect of both forms of postconditioning. Participation of neuroprotection-related gene expression changes was observed once as an early one (CREB, GADD45G), once as a delayed one (ADM, IL6), or both (BDNF, CDKN1A, nNOS, TM4SF1) postconditioning forms, depending on the particular gene.

Conclusions

Our results characterize impact of ischemic tolerance on the molecular level. We predict ischemic tolerance to be consisted of complex combination of early and delayed remote postconditioning.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by SK-VEGA 2/0054/20 Grant from Slovak Academy of Sciences.

Funding

This study was supported by the grant from the Slovak Scientific Grant Agency VEGA 2/0054/20.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia

    Marek Furman, Miroslava Nemethova, Lubica Macakova & Rastislav Mucha

  2. Eastern Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Ondavska 8, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia

    Vladimir Sihotsky, Ivan Kopolovets, Peter Berek & Michal Virag

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  1. Marek Furman
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  2. Miroslava Nemethova
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  3. Lubica Macakova
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  4. Vladimir Sihotsky
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  8. Rastislav Mucha
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Contributions

MF: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—Original Draft, Validation, Visualization. MN: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—Review & Editing. LM: Investigation, VS: Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Project administration, Writing—Review & Editing. PB: Resources, Writing—Review & Editing. IK: Resources, Writing—Review & Editing. MV: Resources, RM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing—Review and Editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Project administration.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vladimir Sihotsky.

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The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

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All experiments were approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee in accordance with current national legislation and EU Directive 2010/63/EU guidelines for animal experiments.

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Furman, M., Nemethova, M., Macakova, L. et al. Modifications of gene expression detected in peripheral blood after brain ischemia treated with remote postconditioning. Mol Biol Rep 49, 477–485 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06899-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06899-5

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