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The relation of omentin gene expression and glucose homeostasis of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in non-diabetic adults

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Abstract

Background

Adipose tissue (AT) is a passive reservoir for energy storage and an active endocrine organ responsible for synthesizing bioactive molecules called adipokines. Omentin is known as an anti-inflammatory adipokine that can modulate insulin sensitivity. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between omentin mRNA expression and glucose homeostasis of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in non-diabetic adults.

Methods

VAT and SAT adipose tissues were collected from 137 adults aged ≥ 18 years hospitalized for abdominal surgery. Before surgery, preoperative blood samples were taken from the participants to measure fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride. BMI, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, and QUICKI were calculated. Insulin levels were measured with Mercodia kits using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to obtain omentin mRNA expression, real-time PCR was performed.

Results

Overall, 91 (66.4%) subjects were healthy [without insulin resistance (IR)], and 46 (33.6%) participants were with IR. In healthy and IR subjects, omentin gene expression was 1.04 and 2.32, respectively in VAT, and 3.06 and 1.30, respectively, in SAT (P > 0.05). After controlling for age and BMI, linear regression analysis indicated a significant positive association of SAT omentin expression with insulin concentration (β = 0.048; 95% CI 0.009, 0.088, P = 0.017) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.173; 95% CI 0.023, 0.323, P = 0.014). Moreover, a negative association of SAT omentin expression with HOMA-B (β = − 0.001; 95% CI 0.002, − 0.001, P < 0.001) was observed.

Conclusion

This study's finding confirms a direct association between IR with omentin mRNA levels in SAT. Besides, the indicator of insulin sensitivity had an inverse association with omentin gene expression in SAT. This aspect of research suggests that omentin secretion from SAT has a strong link with insulin regulation.

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Abbreviations

AT:

Adipose tissue

VAT:

Visceral adipose tissue

SAT:

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

WAT:

White adipose tissue

BAT:

Brown adipose tissue

BMI:

Body mass index

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

CT:

Threshold cycle

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-Kb

IR:

Insulin resistance

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

IGR:

Impaired glucose regulation

NGT:

Normal glucose tolerance

FPG:

Fasting plasma glucose

TGs:

Triglycerides

QUICKI:

Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index insulin sensitivity

HOMA-IR:

The evaluation of the homeostatic model of IR

HOMA-B:

Homeostasis model assessment B cell function

STZβ:

Standardized β

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the hospital staff, study assistants, and coordinators that took part in this research.

Funding

Not applicable.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center (CMERC), Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran

    Afsoon Daneshafrooz, Maryam Zarkesh, Mehdi Hedayati & Raziyeh Abooshahab

  2. Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Emad Yuzbashian, Golaleh Asghari & Parvin Mirmiran

  3. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Golaleh Asghari & Parvin Mirmiran

  4. Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia

    Raziyeh Abooshahab

  5. Medical School, Shadid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    S. Melika Fanaei

  6. Department of Surgery, Tehran Obesity Treatment Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Khalaj

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  1. Afsoon Daneshafrooz
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Contributions

A.D., M.Z. and EY conceptualized and designed the study, analyzed and interpreted the data, prepared the manuscript and approved the final manuscript as submitted. G.A. and P.M. entered data, drafted the initial manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. R.A. and M.H. critically revised the manuscript and approved the final manuscript as submitted. S.M.F drafted the initial manuscript and approved the final manuscript as submitted. A.Kh. biopsied the patients during the abdominal surgery and approved the final manuscript as submitted.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Maryam Zarkesh or Mehdi Hedayati.

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The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The study's protocol was approved by the Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences (RIES) of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (NO: IR.SBMU.ENDOCRINE.REC.1395.279), and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and RIES institutional guidelines. All participants consciously signed the written consent form approved by the committee.

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Daneshafrooz, A., Yuzbashian, E., Zarkesh, M. et al. The relation of omentin gene expression and glucose homeostasis of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in non-diabetic adults. Mol Biol Rep 49, 163–169 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06854-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06854-4

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