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Molecular genotypic diversity of populations of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis and development of SCAR marker for pesticide resistance

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Abstract

Background

The brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis is a destructive pest of Solanum melongena. The control of L. orbonalis with extensive application of synthetic chemical insecticides resulted in the development of resistance with known genetic heterogeneity among populations. Understanding the genetic diversity of their populations is important in developing strategies for their management. The present investigation was performed to characterize populations of L. orbonalis for their genetic diversity in the entire region of Tamil Nadu, South India using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers as a tool of the molecular marker.

Methods and results

Among 60 random 10-mer primers, only ten primers generated reproducible and scorable banding profile. Among the ten different random primers, the primers namely OPG 7, OPG 8, OPS 2 and OPS 7 generated the highest genetic variation with over 80% genetic polymorphism. Phylogram analysis produced 18 clusters with eight major and ten minor clusters. Cluster analysis, statistical fitness, population structure and analysis of molecular variance confirmed the significant genetic variation among different populations. A trait specific marker obtained through RAPD was cloned, sequenced and used to develop a stable diagnostic SCAR marker for DNA fingerprinting to distinguish the populations. Amplification of this locus in the samples of 20 different populations indicated recognition of the trait for pesticide resistance in 12 populations.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the biochemical nature of host plant varieties of this insect pest and variation in the application of different insecticides are essential contributing factors for the genotypic variations observed among populations of L. orbonalis.

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Author notes

  1. Palraju Murali

    Present address: Department of Zoology, N.M.S.S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Madurai, 625019, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, 600025, India

    Palraju Murali, Karuppiah Hilda, Arumugam Ganesh, Sreeramulu Bhuvaragavan & Sundaram Janarthanan

  2. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China

    Muthusamy Ramakrishnan

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Contributions

PM: Conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, visualization, funding acquisition. KH: Methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—review and editing, visualization. MR: Conceptualization, methodology, software, formal analysis, data curation, writing—review and editing. AG: Methodology, software, formal analysis, data curation. SB: Methodology, investigation, data curation, writing—review and editing. SJ: Resources, writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Sundaram Janarthanan.

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Murali, P., Hilda, K., Ramakrishnan, M. et al. Molecular genotypic diversity of populations of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis and development of SCAR marker for pesticide resistance. Mol Biol Rep 48, 7787–7800 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06791-2

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