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Antibacterial effects of Octenicept, and benzalkonium chloride on Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples and determination of genetic diversity of isolates by RAPD-PCR method

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Abstract

Background

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is among the important causes of nosocomial infections. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, many problems have been raised in the successful treatment of patients infected by this bacterium with the subsequent mortality. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Octenicept (OCT), and Benzalkonium chloride (BZK) against A. baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples, and to determine the genetic diversity of strains by RAPD-PCR method.

Methods

A total of 119 A. baumannii isolates were collected and confirmed by conventional culture and biochemical tests and PCR assay. Susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics was evaluated by standard antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). For antiseptics OCT and BZK, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by broth microdilution method. The prevalence of qacE and qacΔE1 genes related to antiseptics was estimated by PCR assay. Finally, genetic diversity of strains was determined by using RAPD-PCR.

Results

All 119 suspected isolates were confirmed as A. baumannii using conventional microbiologic tests and PCR assay. The isolates were mostly originated from blood samples. In AST, the lowest resistance was seen for ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. For antiseptics, the MIC values were reported as 15.26 μg/ml for OCT and 640 μg/ml for BZK. The antiseptic genes of qacE and qacΔE1 were found to be present in 56 (47.05%) and 59 (49.57%) of isolates respectively. RAPD typing revealed great diversity among A. baumannii isolates, with 37 clusters in isolates from ICU, of which 32 clusters were single and 5 were multiple.

Conclusions

Considering the increase of resistance to antiseptics, it is of importance to monitor the susceptibility of A. baumannii to antiseptics and to promote antiseptic stewardship in hospitals. Furthermore, in this study great diversity was observed among A. baumannii isolates, which is important in understanding the molecular epidemiology of the outbreaks caused by this organism in the hospitals.

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Acknowledgements

This work is part of MSc. thesis of Seyedeh Roya Maki, which was approved in Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. We are grateful to research affairs of the university for financial support of the study.

Funding

This work was sponsored by a Grant (No. OG-9802) from research affairs of the Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Azar Dokht Khosravi & Effat Abbasi Montazeri

  2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Azar Dokht Khosravi, Effat Abbasi Montazeri & Seyyedeh Roya Maki

  3. Iranian Study Group on Microbial Drug Resistance, Tehran, Iran

    Azar Dokht Khosravi

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Contributions

ADK and EAM contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by EAM and SRM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ADK and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Seyyedeh Roya Maki.

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Ethical approval

This study was approved by the ethics committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (No: IR.AJUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1397.006), and necessary permission for sample collection was granted.

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Khosravi, A.D., Montazeri, E.A. & Maki, S.R. Antibacterial effects of Octenicept, and benzalkonium chloride on Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples and determination of genetic diversity of isolates by RAPD-PCR method. Mol Biol Rep 48, 7423–7431 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06758-3

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