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Susceptibility to biocides and the prevalence of biocides resistance genes in clinical multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Hamadan, Iran

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Abstract

Background

This study aimed to investigate the association between biocides' reduced susceptibility and the presence of efflux pump genes including cepA, qacEΔ1 and qacE in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods and results

The MDR P. aeruginosa isolates were collected and identified from different clinical samples. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of four biocides (chlorhexidine gluconate 1%, benzalkonium chloride 1%, Kohrsolin® extra, and SEPTI-Turbo) were determined by microbroth dilution with and without carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for detecting the efflux pump genes. In total, 92 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates were collected. The reduced susceptibility (8–128 µg/ml) was seen against chlorhexidine gluconate 1%, benzalkonium chloride 1%, Kohrsolin® extra, and SEPTI-Turbo in 63 (68.5%), 59 (64.1%), 64 (69.6%), and 65 (70.6%) isolates, respectively. The Kohrsolin® extra was the most effective biocide. The cepA, qacE, and qacEΔ1 were detected in 56 (60.9%), 1 (1.1%), and 34 (36.9%) isolates, respectively. There was a significant association between the presence of biocide resistance genes and reduced susceptibility to studied biocides (P = 0.00001). The CCCP had no effect on benzalkonium chloride 1% and Kohrsolin® extra, but reduced the MICs of chlorhexidine gluconate 1% and SEPTI- Turbo by 2 to 128 fold.

Conclusions

The P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited varying degrees of tolerance to biocides. The cepA was the most prevalent gene. There was a significant connection between the occurrence of the efflux pump genes cepA and qacEΔ1 with reduced biocide susceptibility.

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Data availability

All analyzed data within this study can be obtained from the corresponding author on request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Vice-Chancellor of Research and Technology of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran (Grant Number: 9810177849).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Rezvan Goodarzi, Rasoul Yousefimashouf, Mohammad Taheri‬ & Babak Asghari

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Fatemeh Nouri

Authors
  1. Rezvan Goodarzi
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  2. Rasoul Yousefimashouf
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  3. Mohammad Taheri‬
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  4. Fatemeh Nouri
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Contributions

Rezvan Goodarzi: Methodology, Writing- Original draft preparation, Writing-Reviewing and Editing, Formal analysis. Rasoul Yousefimashouf: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Resources, Formal analysis, Supervision. Mohammad Taheri‬: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing-Reviewing and Editing. Fatemeh Nouri: Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Supervision. Babak Asghari: Conceptualization, Data curation, Resources, Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing-Reviewing and Editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Babak Asghari.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The present research was evaluated and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran (IR.UMSHA.REC.1398.780) following the Deceleration of Helsinki.

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All patients signed a consent form to use their samples for research experiments.

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Goodarzi, R., Yousefimashouf, R., Taheri‬, M. et al. Susceptibility to biocides and the prevalence of biocides resistance genes in clinical multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Hamadan, Iran. Mol Biol Rep 48, 5275–5281 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06533-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06533-4

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