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Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the injured brain: potential relevance to brain regeneration in zebrafish

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Abstract

Recent findings suggest a significant role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a mediator of brain regeneration following a stab injury in zebrafish. Since BDNF has been implicated in many physiological processes, we hypothesized that these processes are affected by brain injury in zebrafish. Hence, we examined the impact of stab injury on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the adult zebrafish brain. Stab wound injury (SWI) was induced in the right telencephalic hemisphere of the adult zebrafish brain and examined at different time points. The biochemical variables of oxidative stress insult and transcript levels of antioxidant genes were assessed to reflect upon the oxidative stress levels in the brain. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the levels of early apoptotic marker protein cleaved caspase-3, and the transcript levels of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes were examined to determine the effect of SWI on apoptosis. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased in the injured fish brain. SWI also enhanced the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein and apoptosis-related gene transcripts. Our results indicate induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the telencephalon of adult zebrafish brain by SWI. These findings contribute to the overall understanding of the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and adult neurogenesis in the zebrafish model and raise new questions about the compensatory physiological mechanisms in response to traumatic brain injury in the adult zebrafish brain.

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Funding

ACM highly acknowledges the financial supports from DBT NER (BT/ PR32907/MED/122/227/2019), and School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. SKA acknowledges the financial support from CSIR-HRDG, New Delhi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Surendra Kumar Anand, Manas Ranjan Sahu & Amal Chandra Mondal

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  1. Surendra Kumar Anand
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  2. Manas Ranjan Sahu
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  3. Amal Chandra Mondal
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ACM conceptualized the study, designed the experiments. SKA and MRS performed the experiments. The manuscript was written by SKA and edited by ACM.

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Correspondence to Amal Chandra Mondal.

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Anand, S.K., Sahu, M.R. & Mondal, A.C. Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the injured brain: potential relevance to brain regeneration in zebrafish. Mol Biol Rep 48, 5099–5108 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06506-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06506-7

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