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Interval aerobic training improves bioenergetics state and mitochondrial dynamics of different brain regions in restraint stressed rats

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Abstract

Evidence has validated the prophylactic effects of exercising on different aspects of health. On the opposite side, immobilization may lead to various destructive effects causing neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated the association between exercising and mitochondrial quality for preventing the destructive effects of restraint stress in different rat brain regions. Twenty-four male Wistar rats, were randomized into four groups (n = 6), exercise, stress, exercise + stress, and control. The exercise procedure consisted of running on a rodent treadmill for 8 weeks, and rats in the stress group were immobilized for 6 h. Rats were then euthanized by decapitation and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme activity, antioxidant levels, and mitochondrial biogenesis factors were assessed in the frontal, hippocampus, parietal and temporal regions using spectrophotometer and western blot technique. Based on our results, increased activity of TCA cycle enzymes in the exercised and exercise-stressed groups was detected, except for malate dehydrogenase which was decreased in exercise-stressed group, and fumarase that did not change. Furthermore, the level of antioxidant agents (superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione), mitochondrial biogenesis factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and mitochondrial transcription factor A), and dynamics markers (Mitofusin 2, dynamic related protein 1, PTEN induced putative kinase-1, and parkin) increased in both mentioned groups. Interestingly our results also revealed that the majority of the mitochondrial factors increased in the frontal and parietal lobes, which may be in relation with the location of motor and sensory areas. Exercise can be used as a prophylactic approach against bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, FF, if required.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by The Research grant of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (No.11844‐2).

Funding

This work was supported by The Research grant of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (No.11844‐2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fariba Khodagholi, Mona Maleki Chamgordani, Mehdi Moslemi & Shahrbanoo Rafiei

  2. NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Shima Zareh Shahamati & Maryam Alsadat Mousavi

  3. Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

    Mojtaba Salehpour

  4. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Forough Foolad

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  1. Fariba Khodagholi
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Correspondence to Forough Foolad.

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The experiments were performed after approval by the Ethics Committee of the institution (Ethics code: IR.SBMU.PHNS.REC.1396.34).

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Khodagholi, F., Zareh Shahamati, S., Maleki Chamgordani, M. et al. Interval aerobic training improves bioenergetics state and mitochondrial dynamics of different brain regions in restraint stressed rats. Mol Biol Rep 48, 2071–2082 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06177-4

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