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Long noncoding RNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: biological functions and mechanisms

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Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the primary malignant tumor of the oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, esophagus and tongue. Although several novel therapeutic methods for HNSCC have been developed, the final therapeutic effect on the patient is still not satisfactory. Thus, it is imperative that scientists identify novel distinguishable markers with specific molecular characteristics that can be used in therapeutic and prognostic evaluation. Previous reports have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Translational studies of lncRNAs in HNSCC are urgently required before their application as a treatment can be realized. We aimed to address the most relevant findings on lncRNAs as biomarkers or treatment targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to summarize their discovered pathways and mechanisms of action to reveal the possible future applications of these novel biomarkers in clinical translational research.

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Abbreviations

HNSCC:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

LncRNAs:

Long noncoding RNAs

LSCC:

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

ESCC:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

NPC:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

OSCC:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

TSCC:

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

ncRNA:

Noncoding RNA

miRNA:

MicroRNA

snRNA:

Small nuclear RNA

snoRNA:

Small nucleolar RNA

piRNA:

Piwi-interacting RNA

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

CASP7:

Caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

TERRA:

Telomeric repeat-containing RNAs

MDSCs:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells

TUG1:

Taurine-upregulated gene 1

FTH1P3:

Ferritin heavy chain 1 pseudogene 3

PRC2:

Polycomb repressive complex 2

CCAT1:

Colon cancer-associated transcript-1

CCAT2:

Colon cancer-associated transcript-2

LINC00460:

Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 460

LINC00520:

Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 520

LIN00668:

Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 668

SSTR5-AS1:

Antisense lncRNA somatostatin receptor 5

NEF:

Neighboring enhancer of FOXA2

DGCR5:

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene5

H3K9:

Histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation

HIF-1 α:

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α

HOTAIR:

Homeobox transcript antisense RNA

HNF1A-AS:

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A antisense RNA

LncRNA RNA-LET:

LncRNA-low expression in tumor

ANRIL:

Antisense noncoding RNA in the ink4 locus

CCAT1:

Colon cancer-associated transcript -1

Thor:

Testis-associated highly conserved oncogenic long noncoding RNA

CASC15:

Cancer susceptibility candidate 15

ABCA12-3:

ATP-binding cassette transporter A12-3

DKK 2:

Dickkopf-2

HIF-1A:

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha

GSK-3β:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta

OS:

Overall survival

SOX2-OT:

SOX2 overlapping transcript

MALAT-1:

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1

SPRR:

Small proline-rich proteins

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Research Project of Health Commission of Heilongjiang Province (2019-057), the National Cancer Center Climbing Fund and The Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities (2018-KYYWF-0515).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China

    Jiayu Zhao, Daming Liu, Hao Yang & Hongjiang He

  2. Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China

    Shan Yu

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  1. Jiayu Zhao
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  2. Daming Liu
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  3. Hao Yang
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  4. Shan Yu
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  5. Hongjiang He
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JYZ, DML and HY contributed to the literature research and drafting of the manuscript. SY and HJH designed the study and reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript submitted.

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Correspondence to Shan Yu or Hongjiang He.

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Zhao, J., Liu, D., Yang, H. et al. Long noncoding RNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: biological functions and mechanisms. Mol Biol Rep 47, 8075–8090 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05777-w

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