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Arjunarishta alleviates experimental colitis via suppressing proinflammatory cytokine expression, modulating gut microbiota and enhancing antioxidant effect

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Abstract

Traditional ayurvedic medicine, Arjunarishta (AA) is used to treat several inflammatory conditions including dysentery associated with blood. The formulation is a decoction of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. (TA), Madhuca indica J.F.Gmel., Vitis vinifera L., Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz., and Saccharum officinarum L. Terminalia arjuna, a major constituent of this formulation has been recognized for anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed at evaluating beneficial effects of AA and probable mechanism of action in Trinitrobenzenesulphonicacid (TNBS) induced colitis model. Response to AA treatment was explored through determination of disease activity index (DAI), histological assessment and damage scores, colonic pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression and estimation of oxidative stress biomarkers. Improvement in gut microbiome and plasma zinc level was also assessed. Study findings directed therapeutic effects of AA treatment in colitis model by attenuating the colitis symptoms such as weight loss, diarrhoea, blood in stool; histological damage; and downregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and MCP-1). Similarly reduced oxidative stress by decreased level of Nitric Oxide (NO), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced level of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Reduced Glutathione (GSH) was also witnessed. In addition, an improved beneficial fecal microbiome profile and restored plasma zinc status was revealed compared to the TNBS control group. The present study directs that downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokine expression, enhancement of antioxidant effect, increased plasma zinc status and promising role in modulating fecal microbiome might be potential mechanisms for the therapeutic effect of AA treatment against colitis.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arjunarishta

CAT:

Catalase

DAI:

Disease activity index

GSH:

Glutathione

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1β

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemotactic protein

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

NO:

Nitric oxide

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TNF-α:

Tumour necrosis factor-α

TNBS:

Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid

UC:

Ulcerative colitis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. KAHER’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), III Floor, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India

    Damita Cota, Sanjay Mishra & Sushant Shengule

  2. KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi campus, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India

    Sanjay Mishra

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  1. Damita Cota
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Cota, D., Mishra, S. & Shengule, S. Arjunarishta alleviates experimental colitis via suppressing proinflammatory cytokine expression, modulating gut microbiota and enhancing antioxidant effect. Mol Biol Rep 47, 7049–7059 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05766-z

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