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Combination effect of exercise training and eugenol supplementation on the hippocampus apoptosis induced by chlorpyrifos

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the combination effect of exercise training and eugenol supplementation on the hippocampus apoptosis induced by CPF. 64 adult male albino rats were randomly selected and devided into eight groups of eight including: control, exercise (EXE), chlorpyrifos (CPF), Control + Oil (Co + Oil), Control + DMSO (Co + DMSO), chlorpyrifos + eugenol (CPF + Sup), chlorpyrifos + exercise (CPF + Exe) and, chlorpyrifos + exercise + eugenol (CPF + Exe + Eu). Four experimental groups received intraperitoneal injection (5 days a week) of 3.0 mg/kg body weight CPF in DMSO for 6 consecutive weeks. The exercise groups performed aerobic 5 days per week over 4 weeks. Eugenol were administered by gavage. Finally, the animals were sacrificed using CO2 gas (a half of the rats were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and then perfused) to evaluate hippocampus histology and parameters. The results of this study showed that CPF injection significantly decreased BDNF, AChE and ATP in CA1 area of the hippocampus (p ˂ 0.05). Also, CA1 apoptosis by tunnel assay, it was found that CPF receiving groups with different dosage, showed a significant increase compared to other groups, which was confirmed by increasing cytochrome C and procaspase-3 in CPF groups (p ˂ 0.05). The result of this study show that 4 weeks of exercise training and eugenol supplementation does not improve the destructive effects of CPF in CA1 area of the hippocampus. As a result, it is recommended that future studies longer periods for treatment with exercise and eugenol supplementation.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thanks Dr Zohreh Mazaheri & Hamid Ekrami of the Basic Medical Science Research center, Histogenotech Company, Tehran, Iran for the pathology slides, he provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Post Office Box 1955847781, Tehran, Iran

    Sina Nikbin, Armin Derakhshideh, Foad Kanozi, Somayeh Niknia, Zohreh Khojasteh, Mosa Barzegar Rahatlo, Niloufar Mousavi, Elham Ghodousi Johari, Yasaman Arabi, Tayebeh Afshar & Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani

  2. Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Mahsa Hozouri Tarighe

  3. Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr Branch, Bushehr, Iran

    Hedyeh Tousi

  4. Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Behnamedin Jameie & Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani

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  1. Sina Nikbin
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  2. Armin Derakhshideh
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All author equally participate in preparation of this study.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani.

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The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The principles of Laboratory Animal care (NIH publication number 80-23, revised 1996) were followed throughout the study. The experimental protocol was approved by the bioethical committee of the Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

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Nikbin, S., Derakhshideh, A., Kanozi, F. et al. Combination effect of exercise training and eugenol supplementation on the hippocampus apoptosis induced by chlorpyrifos. Mol Biol Rep 47, 5985–5996 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05672-4

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