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Molecular link between dietary fibre, gut microbiota and health

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Abstract

Natural polysaccharides cellulose, hemicelluloses, inulin etc., galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) play a significant role in the improvement of gut microbiota balance and human health. These polysaccharides prevent pathogen adhesion that stimulates the immune system and gut barrier function by servicing as fermentable substrates for the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) fibres. Moreover, the gut microbiota is responsible for the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like acetate, propionate and butyrate. Acetate is the most abundant and it is used by many gut commensals to produce propionate and butyrate in a growth-promoting cross-feeding process. The dietary fibres affect the gut microbiome and play vital roles in signaling pathways. The SCFAs, acetate, butyrate, and propionate have been reported to affect on metabolic activities at the molecular level. Acetate affects the metabolic pathway through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2/GPR43) while butyrate and propionate transactivate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsγ (PPARγ/NR1C3) and regulate the PPARγ target gene Angptl4 in colonic cells of the gut. The FFAR2 signaling pathway regulates the insulin-stimulated lipid accumulation in adipocytes and inflammation, however peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PPY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 regulates appetite. The NDCs via gut microbiota dependent pathway regulate glucose homeostasis, gut integrity and hormone by GPCR, NF-kB, and AMPK-dependent processes.

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Abbreviations

SCFAs:

Short chain fatty acids

NDCs:

Non-digestible carbohydrates

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor kappa β

FFA:

Free fatty acid

GPCR:

G protein-coupled receptor

PPARγ :

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsγ

FFAR2:

Free fatty acid receptor 2

HAD:

Histone deacetylation

HCA2:

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2

MCT-1:

Monocarboxylate transporter 1

SMCT-1:

Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter

HDACs:

Histone deacetylases

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Director, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, (Haryana), India for his guidance and moral support.

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  1. Jitendra Kumar and Kavita Rani contributed equally.

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  1. ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India

    Jitendra Kumar & Kavita Rani

  2. Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India

    Chander Datt

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Conception, design and writing of the manuscript were done by KR, JK and CD, Principal Scientist.

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Kumar, J., Rani, K. & Datt, C. Molecular link between dietary fibre, gut microbiota and health. Mol Biol Rep 47, 6229–6237 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05611-3

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