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Guava leaves extract ameliorates STZ induced diabetes mellitus via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling in skeletal muscle of rats

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Abstract

Blood glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling pathway regulation take a vital role in the management of diabetes mellitus. Our present was designed to explore the mechanism of the blood homeostasis, regulation of oxidative stress and insulin signaling pathway by guava leaf extract (GLE). Diabetes mellitus was induced in male albino Wistar by streptozotocin (STZ) (Single dose-40 mg/kg b.w.). As an extension STZ rats received GLE (GLE; 200 mg/kg b.w). At the end of the study the lipid peroxidation products, antioxidants, insulin signaling genes were analyzed. Treatment with GLE resulted in decreased plasma and skeletal muscle lipid peroxidation markers, increased antioxidants, and improved insulin signaling genes. GLE treatment helps to maintain blood homeostasis alleviates oxidative stress and regulates the insulin signaling genes in skeletal muscle. Overall the results suggest GLE treatment regulates blood glucose, inhibits oxidative stress, and importantly it regulates insulin signaling pathway genes in skeletal muscle. Further studies on the GLE role in other important pathways can add additional strength to the claim that GLE is a strong anti-diabetic candidate.

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Abbreviations

Akt:

Protein kinase B

ARE:

Antioxidant response element

CAT:

Catalase

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

GLE:

Guava leaf extract

GLUT4:

Glucose transporter 4

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

HO-1:

Heme oxygenase-1

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

IRS:

Insulin receptor substrate-2

IR:

Insulin receptor

IR-1:

Insulin receptor substrate-1

LPO:

Lipid peroxidation

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RT PCR:

Real-time polymerase chain reaction

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

STZ:

Streptozotocin

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University staff, Ms. Yinhua Liu, for her assistance on the use of the animal house facility.

Funding

The two grants UIC 201714 and UIC 201914 provided by Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China was utilized to carry out this study.

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Author notes

  1. Muthukumaran Jayachandran and Ramachandran Vinayagam contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, 2000, Jintong Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China

    Muthukumaran Jayachandran, Ramachandran Vinayagam & Baojun Xu

Authors
  1. Muthukumaran Jayachandran
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  2. Ramachandran Vinayagam
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  3. Baojun Xu
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Contributions

Conceived and Experimental design: JM RV BX. Performed the experiments: JM and RV. Analyzed the data: JM, RV, BX. Wrote the manuscript: JM, BX.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Baojun Xu.

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Jayachandran, M., Vinayagam, R. & Xu, B. Guava leaves extract ameliorates STZ induced diabetes mellitus via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling in skeletal muscle of rats. Mol Biol Rep 47, 2793–2799 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05399-2

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