Abstract
A total of 53 plant species accessions from different geographic regions, including four melatonin precursor-coding genes obtained from Arachis hypogaea (ASMT1, 2, 3 and T5H) underwent extensive molecular evolutionary analyses. Evolutionary relationships were inferred and showed that dichotomous bifurcating trees did not reflect the true phylogeny since reticulate events took place due likely to recombination. Thus, a phylogenetic network was reconstructed for each type of enzyme and highlighted the presence of such incompatibilities. GARD algorithm pointed out that ASMT1, 2, and 3-coding gene sequences contained recombination sites with significant topological incongruence on both sides of the breakpoints (for ASMT1, and 2), while only on one side of the breakpoints for ASMT3. In contrast, no statistically recombination signal was recorded in T5H-coding gene. Furthermore, gene duplication was localized in the ancestor of a monophyletic group of Populus accessions. Selection pressure was assessed using several statistical models incorporated in HyPhy package through the datamonkey web server. It was demonstrated that numerous individual sites and tree branches experienced predominantly purifying selection. In contrast, the BUSTED model evidenced a gene-wide episodic diversifying selection in the phylogeny of only three enzyme-coding genes (ASMT, and 2, and T5H). Likewise, it was shown that Mixed Effects Model of Episodic Selection (MEME) model detected only episodic positively selected sites in all four melatonin enzymes-coding genes; whereas, REL model failed to detect neither positive nor negative selection in tested individual sites of ASMT3-coding gene.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ehrlich SD, Bierne H, d'Alençon E, Vilette D, Petranovic M, Noirot P, Michel B (1993) Mechanisms of illegitimate recombination. Gene 135(1–2):161–166
Rand DM, Kann LM (1998) Mutation and selection at silent and replacement sites in the evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. Mutation and evolution. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 393–407
Wei J, Li DX, Zhang JR, Shan C, Rengel Z, Song ZB, Chen Q (2018) Phytomelatonin receptor PMTR 1-mediated signaling regulates stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Pineal Res 65:12500. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12500
Zhao D, Yu Y, Shen Y, Liu Q, Zhao Z, Sharma R, Reiter RJ (2019) Melatonin synthesis and function: evolutionary history in animals and plants. Front Endocrinol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00249
Tan D-X et al (2014) Fundamental issues related to the origin of melatonin and melatonin isomers during evolution: relation to their biological functions. Int J Mol Sci 15:15858–15890. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150915858
Hoagland DR, Arnon DI (1950) The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Circular 347:22
Pearson WR, Lipman DJ (1988) Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. Proc Natl Acad Sci 85:2444–2448. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.8.2444
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2
Altschul SF, Boguski MS, Gish W, Wootton JC (1994) Issues in searching molecular sequence databases. Nat Genet 6:119
Larkin MA et al (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23:2947–2948. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Tamura K (1992) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G+ C-content biases. Mol Biol Evol 9:678–687. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040752
Huson DH, Bryant D (2005) Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Mol Biol Evol 23:254–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj030
Kosakovsky Pond SL, Posada D, Gravenor MB, Woelk CH, Frost SD (2006) Automated phylogenetic detection of recombination using a genetic algorithm. Mol Biol Evol 23:1891–1901. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msl051
Kosakovsky Pond SL, Posada D, Gravenor MB, Woelk CH, Frost SD (2006) GARD: a genetic algorithm for recombination detection. Bioinformatics 22:3096–3098. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl474
Akaike H (1974) A new look at the statistical model identification. Selected Papers of Hirotugu Akaike. Springer, New York, pp 215–222
Kishino H, Hasegawa M (1989) Evaluation of the maximum likelihood estimate of the evolutionary tree topologies from DNA sequence data, and the branching order in Hominoidea. J Mol Evol 29:170–179
Pond SLK, Muse SV (2005) HyPhy: hypothesis testing using phylogenies. Statistical methods in molecular evolution. Springer, New York, pp 125–181
Rozas J, Sánchez-DelBarrio JC, Messeguer X, Rozas R (2003) DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. Bioinformatics 19:2496–2497. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg359
Tajima F (1989) Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics 123:585–595
Fu Y-X, Li W-H (1993) Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations. Genetics 133:693–709
Korber B (2002) HIV sequence sigmatires and similarities. Computational and evolutionary analysis of HIV molecular sequences. Springer, Boston, pp 55–72
Pond SLK, Frost SD (2005) Datamonkey: rapid detection of selective pressure on individual sites of codon alignments. Bioinformatics 21:2531–2533. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti320
Murrell B, Wertheim JO, Moola S, Weighill T, Scheffler K, Pond SLK (2012) Detecting individual sites subject to episodic diversifying selection. PLoS Genet 8:e1002764. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002764
Murrell B, Moola S, Mabona A, Weighill T, Sheward D, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Scheffler K (2013) FUBAR: a fast, unconstrained bayesian approximation for inferring selection. Mol Biol Evol 30:1196–1205. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst030
Scheffler K, Martin DP, Seoighe C (2006) Robust inference of positive selection from recombining coding sequences. Bioinformatics 22:2493–2499. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl427
Delport W, Poon AF, Frost SD, Kosakovsky Pond SL (2010) Datamonkey 2010: a suite of phylogenetic analysis tools for evolutionary biology. Bioinformatics 26:2455–2457. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq429
Pond SLK, Frost SD (2004) A genetic algorithm approach to detecting lineage-specific variation in selection pressure. Mol Biol Evol 22:478–485. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msi031
Smith MD, Wertheim JO, Weaver S, Murrell B, Scheffler K, Kosakovsky Pond SL (2015) Less is more: an adaptive branch-site random effects model for efficient detection of episodic diversifying selection. Mol Biol Evol 32:1342–1353. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv022
Murrell B, Weaver S, Smith MD, Wertheim JO, Murrell S, Aylward A, Eren K, Pollner T, Martin DP, Smith DM, Scheffler K, Kosakovsky Pond SL (2015) Gene-wide identification of episodic selection. Mol Biol Evol 32:1365–1371. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv035
Bapteste E et al (2013) Networks: expanding evolutionary thinking. Trends Genet 29:439–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2013.05.007
Sugiura N (1978) Further analysts of the data by akaike's information criterion and the finite corrections: further analysts of the data by akaike's. Commun Stat Theory Methods 7:13–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610927808827599
Pond SLK, Frost SD, Grossman Z, Gravenor MB, Richman DD, Brown AJL (2006) Adaptation to different human populations by HIV-1 revealed by codon-based analyses. PLoS Comput Biol 2:e62. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020062
Zhang Y, Li H, Yao Y, Liu W, Ni Q, Zhang M, Xu H (2015) Uneven evolutionary rate of the melatonin-related receptor gene (GPR50) in primates. Genet Mol Res 14:680–690. https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.January.30.11
Xu J et al (2019) Molecular evolution of tryptophan hydroxylases in vertebrates: a comparative genomic survey. Genes 10:203. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10030203
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Egyptian government for granting a visiting scholarship and the Zagazig University for supporting the research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
MB, AE and AAO conceived and directed this work, designed the experiments, analyzed the data, wrote and revised the manuscript. AIE, and AAO supported PCR and cloning analysis. MSR provided suggestions and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boulila, M., ElSayed, A.I., Rafudeen, M.S. et al. Investigating molecular evolutionary forces and phylogenetic relationships among melatonin precursor-encoding genes of different plant species. Mol Biol Rep 47, 1625–1636 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05249-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05249-1