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Dual silencing of DmCPD and DmGA20ox genes generates a novel miniature and delayed-flowering Dendranthema morifolium variety

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Abstract

Chrysanthemums (Dendranthema morifolium) are one of the most economically important perennial flowering plants, with floricultural (cut flowers), ornamental crop (pot and garden flowers) and, for some cultivars, medicinal uses. Plant architecture is an important agronomic trait for plants with a high ornamental and economic value. In this study, two miniature-related genes, DmCPD and DmGA20ox, were cloned and their tissue-specific expression patterns were analyzed. The results showed that the two genes were both highly expressed in stems, mature leaves, and flowers, and that DmCPD was also highly expressed in pedicels. To generate miniature plants, an RNAi expression vector targeting both DmCPD and DmGA20ox was constructed and transformed into chrysanthemum plants. Smaller plant size and slower growth and development of flowers were observed in dual-silenced chrysanthemums. Brassinosteroid and gibberellin contents in leaves and flower buds of transgenic plants were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the expressions of brassinolide-, gibberellin-, and flowering-related genes were down-regulated by varying degrees in dual-silenced plants. These results suggest that DmCPD and DmGA20ox play important roles in plant architecture, and brassinolide and gibberellin are important hormones in controlling plant architecture. This miniaturization strategy provides an efficient approach for generating new varieties of ornamental plants and crops.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31171968 and 31100089), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (CDJXS10232209).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Campus A, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China

    Qiaoli Xie, Guoping Chen, Qin Liu, Zhiguo Zhu & Zongli Hu

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11032_2015_239_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplemental Fig. 1 Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment of DmCPD and other cytochrome P450 family proteins. a. Phylogenetic analysis of DmCPD and other proteins was conducted by the neighbor-joining method, and bootstrap analysis of 1,000 replicates. DmCPD is marked with an asterisk. b. Multiple sequence alignment of DmCPD and other cytochrome P450 family proteins. Identical amino acids are shaded in black, and similar amino acids are shaded in gray. DmCPD is marked with an asterisk. Accession numbers and corresponding references for the proteins listed are as follows: DmCPD (BAE16978), EpCPD (AGV40782), AaCPD (ABC94481), SlCPD (XP_004240946), GhCPD (ACR20477), CjCPD (AAZ39038), NtCPD (CAD27417), PhCPD (AGJ98214), PeCPD(ADK66927), CsCPD(AAZ05071). (TIFF 1181 kb)

11032_2015_239_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplemental Fig. 2 Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment of DmGA20ox and other GA20ox proteins. a. Phylogenetic analysis of DmGA20ox and other GA20ox proteins was conducted by the neighbor-joining method, and bootstrap analysis of 1,000 replicates. DmGA20ox is marked with an asterisk. b. Multiple sequence alignment of DmGA20ox and other GA20ox proteins. DmGA20ox is marked with an asterisk. Identical amino acids are shaded in black, and similar amino acids are shaded in gray. Accession numbers and corresponding references for the proteins listed are as follows: DmGA20ox (BAG48319), CaGA20ox (ADZ96940), GhGA20ox (ACM68923), RcGA20ox (XP_002510873), HaGA20ox (CAQ43616), NtGA20ox (BAC76428), LsGA20ox (BAA37128). (TIFF 1465 kb)

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Xie, Q., Chen, G., Liu, Q. et al. Dual silencing of DmCPD and DmGA20ox genes generates a novel miniature and delayed-flowering Dendranthema morifolium variety. Mol Breeding 35, 67 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0239-z

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