Abstract
In order to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for sorghum, a total of 2,113 primer pairs were designed from 81,342 public genomic sequence contigs of sorghum [methyl-filtered sequences downloaded from SAMI (Sorghum Assembled Genomic Island)]. After screening eight sorghum lines, 1,758 primers amplifying polymorphisms were identified. Of these 1,710 SSR markers were predominantly polymorphic in the eight lines and could detect from two to eight alleles. In addition, 1,692 of the markers were mapped on to the ten sorghum chromosomes by in silico mapping. The number of markers per chromosome ranged from 107 to 285. These SSR markers will provide an ideal marker system to help with gene targeting, gene cloning, quantitative trait locus mapping, and marker-assisted selection in sorghum species.


Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bhattramakki D, Dong J, Chhabra AK, Hart GE (2000) An integrated SSR and RFLP linkage map of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Genome 43:988–1002
Bian YL, Yazaki S, Inoue M, Cai HW (2006) QTLs for sugar content of stalk in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Agric Sci China 5(10):736–744. doi:10.1016/S1671-2927(06)60118-1
Bowers JE, Abbey C, Anderson S, Chang C, Draye X, Hoppe AH, Jessup R, Lemke C, Lennington J, Li Z, Lin Y, Liu S, Luo L, Marler BS, Ming R, Mitchell SE, Qiang D, Reischmann K, Schulze D Sr, Skinner N, Wang Y, Kresovich S, Schertz KF (2003) A high-density genetic recombination map of sequence-tagged sites for sorghum, as a framework for comparative structural and evolutionary genomics of tropical grains and grasses. Genetics 165:367–386
Brown SM, Hopkins, Mitchell SE, Senior ML, Wang TY, Duncan RR, Gonzalez-Candelas F, Kresovich S (1996) Multiple methods for the identification of polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]. Theor Appl Genet 93:190–198. doi:10.1007/BF00225745
Cai HW, Inoue M, Yuyama N, Takahashi W, Hirata M, Sasaki T (2005) Isolation, characterization and mapping of simple sequence repeat markers in Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.). Theor Appl Genet 112:158–166. doi:10.1007/s00122-005-0118-9
Draye X, Lin Y, Qian X, Bowers JE, Burow GB, Morrell PL, Peterson DG, Presting GG, Ren S, Wing RA, Paterson AH (2001) Toward integration of comparative genetic, physical, diversity, and cytomolecular maps for grasses and grains, using the sorghum genome as a foundation. Plant Physiol 125:1325–1341. doi:10.1104/pp.125.3.1325
Emrich SJ, Aluru S, Fu Y, Wen T-J, Narayanan M, Guo L, Ashlock DA, Schnable PS (2004) A strategy for assembling the maize genome (Zea mays L.). Bioinformatics 20(2):140–147. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bth017
Feltus FA, Singh HP, Lohithaswa HC, Schulze SR, Silva TD, Paterson AH (2006) A comparative genomics strategy for targeted discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and conserved-noncoding sequences in orphan crops. Plant Physiol 140:1183–1191. doi:10.1104/pp.105.074203
Fu Y, Emrich SJ, Guo L, Wen T-J, Aluru S, Ashlock DA, Schnable PS (2005) Quality assessment of maize assembled genomic islands (MAGIs) and experimental verification of predicted novel genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(34):12282–12287. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503394102
Hirata M, Cai HW, Inoue M, Yuyama N, Miura Y, Komatsu K, Takamizo T, Fujimori M (2006) Development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and construction of an SSR-based linkage map in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Theor Appl Genet 113:270–279. doi:10.1007/s00122-006-0292-4
Jones ES, Dupal MP, Kolliker R, Drayton MC, Forster JW (2001) Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Theor Appl Genet 102:405–415. doi:10.1007/s001220051661
Kong L, Dong J, Hart GE (2000) Characteristics, linkage-map positions, and allelic differentiation of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench DNA simple-sequence repeats (SSRs). Theor Appl Genet 101:438–448. doi:10.1007/s001220051501
Menz MA, Klein RR, Mullet JE, Obert JA, Unruh NC, Klein PE (2002) A high-density genetic map of Sorghum bicolor (L.). Moench based on 2926 AFLP@, RFLP and SSR markers. Plant Mol Biol 48:483–499. doi:10.1023/A:1014831302392
Murray MG, Thompson WF (1980) The isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 8:4321–4325. doi:10.1093/nar/8.19.4321
Palmer L, Rabinowicz P, O’Shaughnessy A, Balija V, Nascimento L, Dike S, de la Bastide M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR (2003) Maize genome sequencing by methylation filtration. Science 302(5653):2115–2117. doi:10.1126/science.1091265
Paterson AH (2008) Genomics of sorghum. Int J Plant Genom. doi:10.1155/2008/362451
Paterson AH, Bowers JE, Bruggmann R, Dubchak I, Grimwood J, Gundlach H, Haberer G, Hellsten U, Mitros T, Poliakov A, Schmutz J, Spannagl M, Tang H, Wang X, Wicker T, Bharti AK, Chapman J, Feltus FA, Gowik U, Grigoriev IV, Lyons E, Maher CA, Martis M, Narechania A, Otillar RP, Penning BW, Salamov AA, Wang Y, Zhang L, Carpita NC, Freeling M, Gingle AR, Hash CT, Keller B, Klein P, Kresovich S, McCann MC, Ming R, Peterson DG, Mehboob-ur-Rahman Ware D, Westhoff P, Mayer KFX, Messing J, Rokhsar DS (2009) The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses. Nature 457:551–556. doi:10.1038/nature07723
Poehlman JM (1994) Breeding sorghum and millet. In: Poehlman JM (ed) Breeding field crops, 3rd edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, pp 508–541
Rampling LR, Harker N, Shariflou MR, Morell MK (2001) Detection and analysis systems for microsatellite markers in wheat. Aust J Agric Res 52:1131–1141. doi:10.1071/AR01027
Schloss SJ, Mitchell SE, White GM, Kukatla R, Bowers JE, Paterson AH, Kresovich S (2002) Characterization of RFLP probe sequence for gene discovery and SSR development in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Theor Appl Genet 105:912–920. doi:10.1007/s00122-002-0991-4
Srinivas G, Satish K, Madhusudhana R, Seetharama N (2008a) Exploration and mapping of microsatellite markers from subtracted drought stress ESTs in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Theor Appl Genet. doi:10.1007/s00122-008-0931-z
Srinivas G, Satish K, Mohan SM, Reddy RN, Madhusudhana R, Balakrishna D, Bhat BY, Howarth CJ, Seetharama N (2008b) Development of genic-microsatellite markers for sorghum staygreen QTL using a comparative genomic approach with rice. Theor Appl Genet 117:283–296. doi:10.1007/s00122-008-0773-8
Tang S, Yu JK, Slabaugh MB, Shintani DK, Knapp SJ (2002) Simple sequence repeat map of the sunflower genome. Theor Appl Genet 105:1124–1130. doi:10.1007/s00122-002-0989-y
Taramino G, Tarchini R, Ferrario S, Lee M, Pe ME (1997) Characterization and mapping of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in Sorghum bicolor. Theor Appl Genet 95:66–72. doi:10.1007/s001220050533
Voorrips RE (2002) MapChart, software for the graphical presentation of linkage maps and QTLs. J Hered 93:77–78. doi:10.1093/jhered/93.1.77
Acknowledgments
This study was supported financially by a grant from the Japan Racing Association. Ms. M. Li is grateful to the China Scholarship Council (Grant No. [2007] 3020) for supporting her stay at the Forage Crop Research Institute of the Japan Grassland Agriculture and Forage Seed Association. We also thank Dr. Alan V. Stewart (PGG Wrightson Seeds, Lincoln, New Zealand) and the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
11032_2009_9270_MOESM2_ESM.xls
Supplementary electronic material Table 2 In silico mapping of sorghum SSR marker published by other studies. (XLS 84 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, M., Yuyama, N., Luo, L. et al. In silico mapping of 1758 new SSR markers developed from public genomic sequences for sorghum. Mol Breeding 24, 41–47 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-009-9270-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-009-9270-2


