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Fe3O4@C@OSO3H as an efficient, recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst in Pechmann condensation: green synthesis, characterization, and theoretical study

Molecular Diversity volume 25, pages 67–86 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Novel sulfonated carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles (SCCMNPs; Fe3O4@C@OSO3H) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and applied as an efficient nanocatalyst for green synthesis of coumarin derivatives through Pechmann condensation. The Fe3O4@C@OSO3H was manufactured through a simple and inexpensive two-step procedure and characterized by FTIR, EDX, XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS, VSM, and TGA techniques. It was identified as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the Pechmann condensation of phenol derivatives and β-ketoesters, leading to high-yield coumarin derivatives under solvent-free conditions. The Fe3O4@C@OSO3H removed after reaction finishing point by an external magnet, and it was reused fifteen times at the same conditions. Besides, theoretical studies were carried out using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) to more consideration of the reaction mechanism. The study of the frontier molecular orbitals, NBO atomic charges, molecular electrostatic potential of reactants, as well as Pechmann condensation mechanism was known very useful in suitable reactant choice. The reaction was performed through the electrophilic attack, dehydration, and trans-esterification, respectively.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran

    Zahra Samiei, Somayeh Soleimani-Amiri & Zahra Azizi

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  1. Zahra Samiei
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  2. Somayeh Soleimani-Amiri
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  3. Zahra Azizi
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Correspondence to Somayeh Soleimani-Amiri.

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Samiei, Z., Soleimani-Amiri, S. & Azizi, Z. Fe3O4@C@OSO3H as an efficient, recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst in Pechmann condensation: green synthesis, characterization, and theoretical study. Mol Divers 25, 67–86 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-019-10025-w

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Keywords

  • Sulfonated carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles
  • Heterogeneous catalyst
  • Pechmann condensation
  • Green synthesis
  • Theoretical study