Abstract
A novel one-pot four-component reaction of an aldehyde, malononitrile, hydrazine and 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanenitrile is described. As regio- and chemoselective products, 7-amino-2-(tert-butyl)-5-aryl-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles are formed during the course of the reaction.
Graphic abstract
References
Domling A (2006) Recent developments in isocyanide based multicomponent reactions in applied chemistry. Chem Rev 106:17–89. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0505728
Herrera RP, Marques-Lopez E (2015) Multicomponent reactions: concepts and applications for design and synthesis. Wiley, Hoboken
Ramon DJ, Yus M (2005) Asymmetric multicomponent reactions (AMCRs): the new frontier. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:1602–1634. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460548
Brauch S, Berkel SSV, Westermann B (2013) Higher-order multicomponent reactions: beyond four reactants. Chem Soc Rev 42:4948–4962. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs35505e
Graaff C, Ruijter E, Orru R (2012) Recent developments in asymmetric multicomponent reactions. Chem Soc Rev 41:3969–4009. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs15361k
Nair V, Rajesh C, Vinod U, Bindu S, Sreekanth R, Mathen S, Balagopal L (2003) Strategies for heterocyclic construction via novel multicomponent reactions based on isocyanides and nucleophilic carbenes. Acc Chem Res 36:899–907. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar020258p
Anwar HF, Elnaghdi MH (2009) Recent developments in aminopyrazole chemistry. ARKIVOC 1:198–250. https://doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0010.107
Parikh PK, Marvaniya HM, Sen DJ (2011) Chemistry of bioactive tricyclic fused heterocyclic ring having one heteroatom. Int J Drug Dev Res 3:44–50
Engers DW, Frist AY, Lindsley CW, Hong CC, Hopkins CR (2013) Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of a novel and selective bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMP) inhibitor derived from the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold of Dorsomorphin: the discovery of ML347 as an ALK2 versus ALK3 selective MLPCN probe. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 23:3248–3252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.113
Ghozlan SS, Abdelrazek FM, Mohamed MH, Azmy KE (2010) Synthesis of some new pyrazole and pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 47:1379–1385. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.482
Frizzo CP, Martins MP, Marzari MB, Campos PT, Claramunt RM, García MA, Sanz D, Alkorta A, Elguero J (2010) Structural studies of 2-methyl-7-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. J Heterocycl Chem 47:1259–1268. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.377
Sullivan SK, Petroski RE, Verge G, Gross RS, Foster AC, Grigoriadis DE (2004) Characterization of the interaction of indiplon, a novel pyrazolopyrimidine sedative-hypnotic, with the GABAA receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 311:537–546. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.104.071282
Hoepping A, Diekers M, Scheunemann W, Fischer M, Hiller S, Wegner A, Steinbach F, Brus JP (2008) Synthesis of fluorine substituted pyrazolopyrimidines as potential leads for the development of PET-imaging agents for the GABAA receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 16:1184–1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.079
Atwal KS, Moreland S (1991) Dihydropyrimidine calcium channel blockers 51: bicyclic dihydropyrimidines as potent mimics of dihydropyridines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1:29–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(01)80810-6
Abdelall E, Philoppes J (2016) Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and determination of pyrimidine regiospecific ring formation with 2D NMR. ARKIVOC 5:210–224. https://doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.p009.743
Baraldi PG, Fruttarolo F, Tabrizi MA, Romagnoli R, Preti D, Ongini E, El-Kashef H, Carrión MD, Borea PA (2007) Synthesis of a new series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines structurally related to zaleplon. J Heterocycl Chem 44:355–361. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570440212
Mustazza C, Rosaria M, Giudice D, Borioni A, Gatta F (2001) Synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]- and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines related to zaleplon, a new drug for the treatment of insomnia. J Heterocycl Chem 38:1119–1129. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570380516
Ghotekar BK, Jachak M, Toche RB (2009) New one-step synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline derivatives via multicomponent reactions. J Heterocycl Chem 46:708–713. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.128
Rote RV, Shelar DP, Jachak MN (2014) A convenient synthesis of new pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines and their fused heterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 51:815–823. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.2006
Shamroukh AH, Rashad AE, Ali HS, Abdel-Megeid FE (2013) Some new pyrazole and pyrazolopyrimidines: synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 50:758–765. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.1550
Hosseinnia R, Mamaghani M, Shirini F (2014) An expeditious regioselective synthesis of novel bioactive indole-substituted chromene derivatives via one-pot three-component reaction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 22:5956–5960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.059
Hussein AM (2012) Novel synthesis of some new pyrimido[1,6-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 49:446–451. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.852
Masevicius V, Juskenas R, Tumkevicius S (2012) Synthesis of novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines peri-fused with 1,4-diazepine, 1,4-thiazepine, and 1,2,4-triazepine rings. J Heterocycl Chem 49:315–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.724
Chebanov V, Gura KA, Desenko SM (2010) Aminoazoles as key reagents in multicomponent heterocyclizations. Top Heterocycl Chem 23:41–84
Kolosov MA, Orlov VD, Kolos NN, Shishkin OV, Zubatyuk RI (2007) Reactions of α-cyanochalcones with phenylhydrazine. ARKIVOC 16:187–205. https://doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0008.g19
Orlov VD, Kiroga K, Kolos NN (1987) Reactions of 4,5-diaminopyrazoles with chalcones and acetylarenes. Chem Heterocycl Comp 9:997–1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00767003
Hanefeld U, Rees CW, White AJP, Williams DJ (1996) One-pot synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrazoles-proof of regiochemistry. J Chem Soc 1:1545–1550. https://doi.org/10.1039/P19960001545
Kraybill BC, Elkin LL, Blethrow JD, Morgan DO, Shokat KM (2002) Inhibitor scaffolds as new allele specific kinase substrates. J Am Chem Soc 124:12118–12123. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0264798
Chebanov V, Saraev V, Desenko S (2008) Tuning of chemo- and regioselectivities in multicomponent condensations of 5-aminopyrazoles, dimedone, and aldehydes. J Org Chem 73:5110–5117. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo800825c
Chebanov V, Sakhno Y, Desenko S, Chernenko V, Musatov I, Shishkina S (2007) Cyclocondensation reactions of 5-aminopyrazoles, pyruvic acids and aldehydes. Multicomponent approaches to pyrazolopyridines and related products. Tetrahedron 63:1229–1242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2006.11.048
Muravyova E, Desenko S, Rudenko R, Shishkina S, Shishkin O, Chebanov V (2011) Switchable selectivity in multicomponent heterocyclizations of acetoacetamides, aldehydes, and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles/5-aminopyrazoles. Tetrahedron 67:9389–9400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.138
Sakhno Y, Shishkina V, Shishkin O, Musatov V, Vashchenko E, Desenko S, Chebanov V (2010) Diversity oriented heterocyclizations of pyruvic acids, aldehydes and 5-amino-N-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides: catalytic and temperature control of chemoselectivity. Mol Divers 14:523–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-010-9226-9
Chebanov V, Saraev V, Shishkina S, Shishkin O, Musatov V, Desenko S (2012) Controlled switching of multicomponent heterocyclizations of 5-amino-N-arylpyrazole-4-carboxamides, 1,3-cyclohexanediones, and aldehydes. Eur J Org Chem 37:5515–5524. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201200669
Bontems R, Anderson J, Smee D, Jin A, Alaghamandan H, Sharma B, Jolley W, Robins R, Cottam H (1990) Guanosine analogs. Synthesis of nucleosides of certain 3-substituted 6-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-ones as potential immunotherapeutic agents. J Med Chem 33:2174–2188. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00170a020
Rahmati A, Alizadeh-Kouzehrash M (2011) Microwave-induced stereoselectivity in synthesis of trans-4-aryl-3-methyl-6-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles. Chin J Chem 29:2373–2378. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.201180405
Rahmati A, Alizadeh-Kouzehrash M (2011) Synthesis of N-alkyl-2-aryl-5H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-3-amines by a three-component condensation reaction. Synthesis 18:2913–2920. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1260154
Rahmati A, Eskandari M, Alizadeh-Kouzehrash M (2013) Synthesis of 3-(benzylideneamino)-2-phenyl-5H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carbonitriles via a four-component condensation reaction. Tetrahedron 69:4199–4204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.103
Rahmati A, Rezayan A, Alizadeh-Kouzehrash M, Nikbakht A (2013) A mild and green chemistry approach for the synthesis of symmetrical spirooxindole derivatives. J Iran Chem Soc 10:521–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-012-0187-z
Rahmati A (2012) One-pot synthesis of 2-alkyl-7-amino-5-aryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles via a domino three-component condensation-oxidation reaction. C R Chim 15:647–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2012.06.006
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Research Council of the University of Isfahan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alizadeh-Kouzehrash, M., Rahmati, A. A four-component reaction: regio- and chemoselective formation of 7-amino-2-(tert-butyl)-5-aryl-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile. Mol Divers 24, 753–761 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-019-09976-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-019-09976-x